On timing Jitter in wavelength-division multiplexed soliton systems

Collision-induced timing shifts in a wavelength-division multiplexed soliton system are computed when damping, amplification, filtering and positive dispersion management following the loss profile are included. A statistical analysis is presented which takes into account the resulting effect of the large number of collisions occurring in the fiber. Analytic expressions are derived for the root mean square timing jitter and the maximum length of error-free transmission with an arbitrary number of channels. An extensive analysis of system performance corresponding to situations with and without filters and/or dispersion management is carried out.     

等距算子的延拓、逼近及相关问题

本文介绍了等距算子从单位球面、从区域及从保距离1等条件下的各种等距廷拓问题；并介绍了(线性与非线性算子)等距算子的弱扰动、强扰动及渐近等距算子等问题．文中从历史到现状，概括了重要的研究结果，并指出了一些尚未解决的遗留问题．     

Relationship between the fringe number of the scanning beam and the twin-image noise

A method of digital filtering for eliminating the twin-image noise of reconstructed images in optical scanning holography is proposed and demonstrated by the example of slit objects. The fringe number of the scanning beam in relation to the twin-image noise is investigated in detail. Some results of computer simulations are obtained. In the far field, the further object scanned by the scanning beam with fewer fringes has lower and flatter amplitude of the twin-image noise for reconstructed images. However, being independent of the fringe number the twin-image noise affects seriously on the reconstruction in the near field. So the twin-image noise should be considered in reconstruction in the near field.     

基于统计滤波的单幅散斑条纹图的相位恢复技术

基于统计信号处理技术的贝叶斯（Bayes）估计原理，提出一种新的滤波方法。该方法能有效减少散斑条纹图中的噪声，而且仅用一幅散区斑条纹图就能获得准确的条纹相位分布，通过实例说明了该方法的处理过程。     

Interactive Statistical Mechanics and Nonlinear Filtering

This paper connects non-equilibrium statistical mechanics and optimal nonlinear filtering. The latter concerns the observation-conditional behaviour of Markov signal processes, and thus provides a tool for investigating statistical mechanics with partial observations. These allow entropy reduction, illustrating Landauer’s Principle in a quantitative way. The joint process comprising a signal and its nonlinear filter is irreversible in its invariant distribution, which therefore corresponds to a non-equilibrium stationary state of the associated joint system. Macroscopic entropy and energy flows are identified for this state. Since these are driven by observations internal to the system, they do not cause entropy increase, and so the joint system makes statistical mechanical sense in reverse time. Time reversal yields a dual system in which the signal and filter exchange roles. Despite the structural similarity of the original and dual systems, there is a substantial asymmetry in their complexities. This reveals the direction of time, despite the systems being in stationary states that do not produce entropy. This work was partially supported by Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship 2003/0426, by MURI Grant F49620-02-1-0325 (Complex Adaptive Networks for Co-operative Control), by ARO-MURI Grant DAAD19-00-1-0466 (Data Fusion in Large Arrays of Microsensors (sensor web)) and by NSF-ITR Grant CCR-0325774 Collaborative Research: New Approaches to Experimental Design and Statistical Analysis of Genomic and Structural Biological Data from Multiple Sources.     

Control of a hybrid conditionally linear Gaussian process

A control problem is considered where the coefficients of the linear dynamics are functions of a noisily observed Markov chain. The approximation introduced is to consider these coefficients as functions of the filtered estimate of the state of the chain; this gives rise to a finite-dimensional conditional Kalman filter. A minimum principle and a new equation for an adjoint process are obtained.This research was partially supported by NSERC under Grant A-7964, by the US Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Contract AFOSR-86-0332, and by the US Army Research Office under Contract DAAL03-87-0102.The authors obtained these results during a visit to UCSD by the first author in January 1990. This author wishes to thank Professor D. D. Sworder and his department for their hospitality.     

彩色照片制作技术

彩色照片由于色彩鲜艳．形象逼真，在工农业生产、科研和日常生活中得到广泛应用。本文就校正偏色与曝光谈一下自己的看法。     

Optical inspection by internal reflection and spatial filtering

Some optical techniques for surface inspection applications are described. Paper texture is analyzed by a frustrated-total-internal-reflection method followed by spatial filtering of the diffracted pattern. Fibre-optics and micro-lenses are used to obtain a rugged and flexible sensor. Similar sensors are used for defect monitoring of roughly-polished surfaces. The practical aspects of sensor manufacture, speckle and vignetting considerations are discussed.     

A new conservation law for linear filtering processes

A new conservation law relating basic linear filtering theory quantities is derived. The physical interpretation of the law is given and discussion of its possible uses is presented.     

A sequential method for nonlinear filtering: Numerical implementation and comparisons

Exact equations are presented for sequentially updating the optimal solution for a discrete-time analog of the basic Sridhar nonlinear filtering problem as the process length increases and new observations are obtained. A tabular method is described for implementing numerically the sequential filtering equations. The accuracy and efficiency of the tabular method are illustrated by means of several numerical examples.Dedicated to R. SridharThe work of R. Kalaba and L. Tesfatsion was partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. ENG-77-28432 and by the National Institutes of Health under Grant No. GM-23732-03.