二阶流体在旋转坐标系中的三维管道流动

就两个水平板构成的旋转系统,在磁场作用下分析二阶磁流体在其间的流动.下表面是一块可伸展的平面,上面是一块多孔的固体平板.选用合适的变换,将质量和动量的守恒方程,简化为耦合的非线性常微分方程组.应用最强大的分析技术,即同伦分析法(HAM),得到该非线性耦合方程组的级数解.结果用图形给出,并详细地讨论了无量纲参数Re,λ,Ha2,α和K2对速度场的影响.     

探照灯光斑移动现象的再讨论

指出用传统的"平行线"模型和光速有限来解释光斑移动现象,当将情况推广到极限时,会出现一些局限,并提出了一种新的与实际情况更符合的"同心圆"模型,由此可以解释光斑移动现象.     

超高速转镜式扫描相机的时间分辨率测量

分析了影响转镜扫描相机时间分辨率的各种因素,给出了极限时间分辨率和基于相机动态摄影分辨率计算的时间分辨率的理论计算公式和结果。结合国内普遍使用的SJZ-15型转镜扫描相机,用自研设备动态像质检查仪和100ps超短脉冲激光照明两种测试方法,计算出了该相机钢转镜和铍转镜在不同转速下的实测时间分辨率值,并对数据进行了分析、比对和讨论。实测数据表明：钢转镜的转速为12×104 r/min,其最高时间分辨率约为8ns;铍转镜的实用最高转速为30×104 r/min,其最高时间分辨率约为4ns。     

大视场红外同心光学系统的设计

研究了同心光学系统的成像特性以及设计方法,分析了厚透镜的成像理论。设计了工作在3．7～4．8μm、视场15°的红外同心光学系统,该系统具有接近衍射极限的成像质量。对红外同心光学系统各个视场的传递函数进行了测试,结果表明该系统具有较好的成像质量,且成像特性和同心光学系统的成像原理是一致的。     

旋转调制捷联惯导激光陀螺仪误差自补偿新方法

基于旋转调制的自补偿技术是进一步提高激光陀螺仪捷联惯导系统导航精度的有效方法。研究了旋转调制捷联惯导系统中的激光陀螺仪误差补偿方法。建立旋转式捷联惯导系统激光陀螺仪的误差传播方程,分析激光陀螺仪旋转误差效应及误差传播特性,在此基础上建立了调制策略编排目标函数;研究了双轴交替旋转调制模式下的调制策略编排方案,提出了一种改进的16次序双轴交替旋转调制方法,建立了基于双轴转动角速度的动态误差方程,实现了转动过程中激光陀螺仪的常值项误差、标度因数误差、安装误差的有效补偿,进一步抑制速度误差积累所引起的位置误差。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,提高了捷联惯导系统导航精度,可为旋转调制光学捷联惯导系统设计提供理论参考。     

强非局域介质中基于古依相位的旋转涡旋光孤子

利用强非局域非线性介质中傍轴光束传输的修正Snyder-Mitchell模型讨论了两束共线(即光束中心和传输方向都相同)拉盖尔-高斯型光孤子(CLGS)构成的涡旋光孤子传输过程。在一定条件下,涡旋光束在传输过程中,光束截面光斑发生旋转现象,但光束的束宽保持不变,称之为旋转涡旋光孤子。涡旋光孤子旋转的现象可以通过叠加光场中的古依相位来解释。结果展现了几个旋转涡旋光孤子在传输过程中的旋转现象和强非局域介质中多环形旋转涡旋光孤子的传输。     

天然气超声速除湿器旋流分离数值研究

壁面型线决定了超声速除湿器的内部流场特征,进而对组分凝结特性和分离效率等产生重要影响。本文借助数值方法研究了内扩张型超声速除湿器流场径向分布特性以及组分凝结特性。计算结果表明除湿器内气流的周向速度、压力、温度在不同截面呈现出不同的径向分布特征。加速流道内壁面侧的气流温度低于外壁面侧,使组分凝结首先发生于流道内侧,为达到气液分离效果必须增加分离段长度。因此需要对除湿器加速段流道进行优化设计,以改善除湿器工作性能。     

Quasi-geostrophic motions in a rotating layer of an electrically conducting fluid

Large-scale nonlinear oscillations of an electrically conducting ideal fluid of varying depth are considered with the magnetic, Archimedean, and Coriolis forces taken into account. The main equations are derived from an analysis of the scales of quasi-geostrophic motions. Under the assumptions that the Rossby numbers (a measure of the ratio of the local and advective accelerations to the Coriolis acceleration) are of the same order, the problem is reduced to a system of three nonlinear equations for hydromagnetic pressure and two functions describing the magnetic field. For an infinitely long horizontal layer of an electrically conducting rotating fluid, the exact solution of the corresponding nonlinear equations and the dispersion relation are obtained under the assumption of an approximately constant slope of the upper boundary surface of the layer at a distance of the order of the wavelength. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 50, No. 1, pp. 30–41, January–February, 2009.     

Geometric shapes of the interface surface of bicomponent flows between two concentric rotating cylinders

In this paper, the shape problem of interface of bicomponent flows between two concentric rotating cylinders is investigated. With tensor analysis, the problem is reduced to an energy functional isoperimetric problem when neglecting the effects of the dissipative energy caused by viscosity. We derive the associated Euler-Lagrangian equation, which is a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem of the second order. Moreover, by considering the effects of the dissipative energy, we propose another total energy functional to characterize the geometric shape of the interface, and obtain the corresponding Euler-Lagrangian equation, which is also a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem of the second order. Thus, the problem of the geometric shape is converted into a nonlinear boundary value problem of the second order in both cases.     

Elastic and viscoelastic solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders

Analytical solutions to rotating functionally graded hollow and solid long cylinders are developed. Young＇s modulus and material density of the cylinder are assumed to vary exponentially in the radial direction, and Poisson＇s ratio is assumed to be constant. A unified governing equation is derived from the equilibrium equations, compatibility equation, deformation theory of elasticity and the stress-strain relationship. The governing second-order differential equation is solved in terms of a hypergeometric function for the elastic deformation of rotating functionally graded cylinders. Dependence of stresses in the cylinder on the inhomogeneous parameters, geometry and boundary conditions is examined and discussed. The proposed solution is validated by comparing the results for rotating functionally graded hollow and solid cylinders with the results for rotating homogeneous isotropic cylinders. In addition, a viscoelastic solution to the rotating viscoelastic cylinder is presented, and dependence of stresses in hollow and solid cylinders on the time parameter is examined.