Identification and quantitative determination of diphenylarsenic compounds in abandoned toxic smoke canisters

Knowledge of the exact nature of the constituents of abandoned chemical weapons (ACW) is a prerequisite for their orderly destruction. Here we report the development of analytical procedures to identify diphenylchloroarsine (DA/Clark I), diphenylcyanoarsine (DC/Clark II) and related substances employed in one of the munitions known as "Red canister". Both DA and DC are relatively unstable under conventional analytical procedures without thiol derivatization. Unfortunately however, thiol drivatization affords the same volatile organo-arsenic derivative from several different diphenylarsenic compounds, making it impossible to identify and quantify the original compounds. Further, diminishing the analytical interference caused by the celluloid powder used as a stacking material in the weapons, is also essential for accurate analysis. In this study, extraction and instrumental conditions have been evaluated and an optimal protocol was determined. The analysis of Red canister samples following this protocol showed that most of the DA and DC associated with pumice had degraded to bis(diphenylarsine)oxide (BDPAO), while those associated with celluloid were dominantly degraded to diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA).     

羊八井ARGO实验探测时间离线标定方法的蒙特卡罗研究

羊八井ARGO实验阵列探测器数目庞大，用人工方法对其定标是不现实的. 本文针对整个ARGO实验阵列首次提出两种探测时间离线定标方法，即同心圆法和特征面法，并通过大气簇射模拟和ARGO实验探测器模拟对上述方法进行了检验. 对特征面法还用模拟数据和小阵列实验数据对其定标精度进行了估算，并比较了定标前后事例样本方位角的分布. 结果表明，同心圆法可对离阵列中心相同距离的探测器进行相对时间定标，而特征面法具有很好的定标精度且操作方便省时，可针对不同实验数据样本做相应实验条件下的探测器定标，从而有效地解决了因阵列探测器数目庞大而带来的定标工作中的困难.     

基于同心圆光栅的远心三维测量系统

针对条纹投影术对简化系统模型、降低运算量并有效抑制误差扩散等要求,提出并构造了一种基于同心圆光栅的广义远心三维测量系统。该系统利用菲涅尔透镜与投影仪产生平行光线建立线性投影模型,降低运算复杂度,利用傅里叶变换得到经物体高度调制的初始相位信息,同时结合同心圆光栅标定技术的并行运算,通过逐点计算获取真实相位。全过程只需对一个系统参数进行标定,并且摆脱解相过程,有效抑制了误差扩散。对最大高度20 mm的物体进行形貌测量,最大误差0.23 mm,相对误差仅为1.15%。     

双零色散光子晶体光纤中可见光超连续谱的产生

在掺镱锁模光纤激光器发出的皮秒脉冲的抽运下,本文报道了双零色散的多芯光子晶体光纤中可见光超连续谱的产生.这种光子晶体光纤的类似同轴双芯结构提供了相隔很近的双零色散点.第二个零色散波长的存在阻止了反常色散区内的由脉冲内拉曼散射引起的孤子的频移,形成了稳态孤子,在短波长和长波长方向上的正常色散区均产生了可观的色散波.在2 W的平均功率下得到了550 nm到1700 nm的超连续谱.此外,光纤的同轴双芯特性也导致了入射脉冲的模式转换.实验结果和数值计算十分符合.     

Static and dynamic imaging electron optics and spatial-temporal aberrations in a bi-electrode spherical concentric system with electrostatic focusing

In imaging electron optics, for a concentric spherical system composed of two spherical electrodes with electrostatic focusing, the electrostatic potential distribution and the spatial-temporal trajectory of electron motion can be expressed by analytical forms. It is naturally to take such system as an ideal model to investigate the imaging properties, as well as the spatial-temporal aberrations, to analyze its particularity and to find the clue of universalities and regularities. Research on this problem has important significance, which can afford theoretical foundation not only in studying static electron optics for the night vision devices, but also in studying dynamic electron optics for high-speed image converter tubes.In the present paper, based on the practical electron ray equation and electron motion equation for a bi-electrode concentric spherical system with electrostatic focusing, the spatial-temporal trajectories of moving electrons emitted from the photocathode have been solved, the exact and approximate formulae for image position and flight time of electrons, have been deduced. Start from solutions of spatial-temporal trajectories, the electron optical spatial-temporal properties of this system are then discussed. According to the definitions of spatial-temporal aberrations, the paraxial and geometrical lateral aberrations, as well as the paraxial and geometrical temporal aberrations, have been deduced, that are classified by the order of and .     

同心球之间空间电荷限制电流的简单理论

在高功率微波二极管的设计中,空间电荷限制电流因其与二极管的特性及虚阴极形成关系密切而显得十分重要,虽然Langmuir和Blodgett给出的数值解十分有用,但是在实际的应用中一个简单的函数表达式还是更为方便,同时也可以避免当R_c/R_a很大时带来的级数发散问题.第一性原理已经应用在平行板和共轴圆柱之间二维空间电荷限制电流的推导,它的可靠性也已经得到了大量的验证.本文利用第一性原理推导出了同心球二极管空间电荷限制电流的解析表达式,其中的 关键词： 第一性原理 同心球二极管 空间电荷限制电流     

一种基于二级轻气炮平台的超高速弹丸发射装置设计

 基于强爆轰效应,提出一种新的超高速弹丸发射装置。在二级轻气炮平台上,设计内置炸药柱的三级加速腔,将二级轻气炮发射的克质量弹丸由6~7 km/s,再次加速至9~10 km/s的超高速。通过数值模拟优化设计药柱与飞片的形状,以及弹丸的树脂封装,从而抑制强爆轰产生的中心射流对弹丸的破坏,并且在短脉冲强冲击过程中,避免在直径达厘米级的铝或钛合金弹丸内的层裂破坏。数值模拟结果表明,经过优化设计的三级加速腔可以将气炮出膛速度约6.0 km/s的1.03 g铝合金弹丸加速至9.6 km/s,弹丸最终形状仍保持类球形,速度增益约1.6。     

Plasmon resonance and heat generation in nanostructures

In this paper, the photothermal effects of plasmon resonance are investigated. Metal nanoparticles efficiently generate heat in the presence of electromagnetic radiation. The process is strongly enhanced when a fixed frequency of the incident wave illuminates on nanoparticles such that plasmon resonance happens. We introduce the electromagnetic radiation model and show exactly how and when the plasmon resonance happens. We then construct the heat generation and transfer theory and derive the heat effect induced by plasmon resonance. Finally, the heat generation under plasmon resonance in a concentric nanoshell structure is considered specially, and excited result is obtained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

同心旋转圆柱间隙流场中纤维取向的动态模拟

本文对两同心旋转圆柱间隙形成的流场以及处于流场中的纤维运动和取向进行了数值研究. 在贴体坐标网格下求解了流场控制方程, 得到了流场中的速度、压力等物理量. 研究了两同心圆柱同速反向旋转以及仅内层圆柱旋转这两种情况下的纤维运动和取向状态. 得到了处于这两种情况下的纤维在流场中从静止到开始运动和取向直至最终达到稳定状态的动态详细过程. 结果表明, 当两个圆柱同速反向旋转时, 纤维运动与取向也相应的呈现两层结构; 而仅内圆柱旋转时, 纤维运动与取向呈单层结构. 在两种情况下, 纤维均沿流线方向运动和取向. 讨论了纤维长径比对纤维取向的影响, 结果表明随着纤维长径比的增加, 纤维沿流线取向的取向度逐渐增强.     

改进型准光模式辐射器

 应用几何光学理论分析了模式在圆柱波导中的传播,利用耦合波理论分析了各个模式在波纹波导中相互转化以及稳定时的相对功率,设计了170 GHz,模式为TE22,6的毫米波通过波纹波导将其一部分能量转换到其它8个卫星模式上,通过编写程序并进行大量优化得出了耦合出的模式和稳定时的相对功率大小,并使它们各个模式场分布在辐射器螺旋切口上叠加成准高斯波束,设计出辐射器的长度少于150 mm,得到准高斯波束在辐射器螺旋切口上叠加的等势图,实现了直接利用这些准高斯波束的目的。