A-P-S组合策略的多重绩效及其“褪色”效应分析

为了降低城市交通拥堵及空气污染程度,本文在现有研究的基础上引入罚款政策,利用系统动力学方法原理构建了机动车污染物减排管控模型。通过仿真和比较分析来探索空气污染收费(Air pollution charging fee,简称APCF)、罚款(penalty)和补贴(subsidy)政策(简称A-P-S策略)的作用效果。研究结果表明:一方面,组合策略具有多重绩效,不但能够降低污染损失(经济-环境效益)、死亡人口的生命价值(社会-经济效益)、交通拥堵程度(社会效益)和机动车污染物总量(环境效益),而且能大大改善环境生态承载力(环境效益)和机动车非法出行增长量(社会安全绩效);另一方面,政策在实施过程中也会遇到一定的局限性,如初期的滞后性,后期的“褪色”效应和“反弹”效应,因此,从长期来看,需要及时调整组合方案。最后,根据仿真结果提出了相应的政策建议,进而为城市交通和环保等相关部门提供决策参考。     

SOME BLENDING INTERPOLATION METHODS IN CAGD

Some of the blending interpolation methods (which) stated by a convex combination technique are presented. This includes C1 ,C2 blending triangular interpolanls and C1 -blending quadrilateral inter polanls for surfaces. The mentioned methods can be generalized to the construction of C" blending interpolants.     

Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of Prochiral Ketones with Chiral Ferrocenyl Amino Alcohols

The asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones was catalyzed by a class of recoverable and highly stable chiral ferrocenyl amino alcohols derived from natural amino acids to yield optically active secondary alcohols in high chemical yields and moderate to good enantiomeric excesses.     

Comparison by capillary SFC and SFC-MS of soxhlet and supercritical fluid extraction of hamster feces

Components of hamster feces ranging from low molecular weight fatty acids through the expected range of triglycerides have been eluted in a single SFC run with simultaneous pressure and temperature programming. Temperature programming from 140°C to 240°C was required to provide optimum conditions for separation of the fatty acids and to move the elution region of the sterol esters away from that of the triglycerides. Data from chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry of compounds separated by SFC were used to confirm identities suggested by retention measurements and to provide tentative identities of unknown compounds. SFC with flame ionization detection was used to compare Soxhlet extraction, off-line supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and on-line SFE of the feces. Although samples obtained by Soxhlet extraction and SFE produced very similar chromatograms, SFE required far less time and consumed much smaller quantities of organic solvent.     

Packings and stationary phases for biopolymer separations by HPLC

Summary Packings and stationary phases applied to high resolution separations of proteins, enzymes, and nucleic acids must satisfy a series of distinct criteria that are different from those usually required by HPLC of low molecular weight non-biologically active analytes. These requirements have been met through substantial improvements in classical gel media together with novel developments in silica supports, and have led to a family of products with tailor-made and reproducible properties. Supports consisting of cross-linked organic gels, and inorganic materials (mostly silicas) are now available with graduated particle sizes, pore sizes, porosities and surface areas as well as non-porous beads. A whole range of stationary phases, such as reversed phase, hydrophobic interaction, ion exchanger and affinity packings, were designed for application as chemical sensors for biopolymer recognition in adsorptive chromatography. The phase systems are operated in the gradient mode, giving high resolution and high peak capacities. In addition, aqueous liquid-liquid partitioning systems have been developed for the fractionation of proteins and nucleic acids. Size exclusion media complete the set of HPLC variants enabling a discrimination of proteins according to their size and shape in an isocratic elution mode. Basically, protein purification and isolation is a multistage process where-by the HPLC variants are combined in a logistic sequence, utilizing the different selectivities of the phase systems and thus maximising resolution, speed and throughput.     

Fe3(CO)12与P(NEt2)2Cl的反应--两核和三核铁羰基簇合衍生物的合成和晶体结构

Fe_3(CO)_(12)与配位基前体P(NEt_2)_2Cl反应,给出4个新的两核和三核铁羰基簇合衍生物:Fe_2(CO)_6(μ-Cl)[μ-P(NEt_2)_2](Ⅰ),Fe_2(CO)_6[μ-P(NEt_2)_2]_2(Ⅱ),Fe_3(CO)_9(μ-CO)(μ_3-PNEt_2)(Ⅲ)和Fe_3(CO)_9(μ_3-PNEt_2)[P(NEt_2)_3](Ⅳ)。在反应期间,配前体分子中的P-Cl和P-N键劈开,形成的分子片Cl、PNEt_2、P(NEt_2)_2和P(NEt_2)_3作为配体与铁羰合物重新组建成上述簇合物。利用X射线衍射法测定了它们的晶体结构。Ⅰ属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=0.8745(6)nm,b=0.9601(7)nm,c=1.3996(10)nm,α=74.131(11)°,β=79.480(12)°,γ=69.727(12)°,V=1.0553(13)nm~3,D_c=1.543g·cm~(-3),Z=2,R=0.0443,wR=0.0831。Ⅱ属正交晶系,Pbcn空间群,晶胞参数a=1.0153(3)nm,b=1.7543(5)nm,c=1.6860(5)nm,V=3.0031(15)nm~3,D_c=1.394g·cm~(-3),Z=4,R=0.0519,wR=0.1035。Ⅲ属单斜晶系,P2_1/c空间群,晶胞参数a=1.0280(5)nm,b=1.2113(5)nm,c=1.9192(7)nm,β=93.560(7)°,V=2.1366(16)nm~3,D_c=1.712g·cm~(-3),Z=4。Ⅳ属单斜晶系,Cc空间群,晶胞参数a=1.5875(7)nm,b=1.0359(5)nm,C=2.1919(9)nm,β=101.266(8)°,V=3.535(3)nm~3,Dc=1.443g·cm~(-3),Z=4。Ⅰ和Ⅱ为两核铁簇,其簇骨架Fe_2PCl和Fe_2P_2呈蝶状。Ⅲ和Ⅳ     

Versatile cobalt complexes for initiating immortal ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide (LA), mediating living radical polymerization of t‐butyl acrylate (tBA) and catalyzing copolymerization of LA and tBA by combination of ROP and organometallic‐mediated radical polymerization

Low‐cost, highly active and versatile amino‐bis(phenolate) cobalt complexes are developed. The cobalt complexes can control living polymerization of different categories of monomers including lactide (LA) by immortal ring‐opening polymerization in argon and even in air and acrylate via living radical polymerization (LRP). The cobalt‐based catalysts were used for copolymerization of LA and acrylate. The immortal polymerization of LA using the cobalt complexes as initiators proceeds in argon and even in air and without the requirement for extensive drying techniques or inert atmosphere whilst retaining end‐group fidelity. The cobalt complexes are used to mediate LRP of t‐butyl acrylate (tBA) in methanol. The block copolymerization of LA and tBA catalyzed by single‐site cobalt organometallic catalyst is also reported for the first time. This cobalt system offers a versatile and green way to produce homopolymers and block copolymers.     

SINGLE AND DOUBLE EDGE INTERFACE CRACK SOLUTIONS FOR ARBITRARY FORMS OF MATERIAL COMBINATION

In this paper interfacial edge crack problems are considered by the application of the finite element method. The stress intensity factors are accurately determined from the ratio of crack-tip-stress value between the target given unknown and reference problems. The reference problem is chosen to produce the singular stress fields proportional to those of the given unknown problem. Here the original proportional method is improved through utilizing very refined meshes and post-processing technique of linear extrapolation. The results for a double-edge interface crack in a bonded strip are newly obtained and compared with those of a single-edge interface crack for different forms of combination of material. It is found that the stress intensity factors should be compared in the three different zones of relative crack lengths. Different from the case of a cracked homogeneous strip, the results for the double edge interface cracks are found to possibly be bigger than those for a single edge interface crack under the same relative crack length.     

Asymptotic synchronization of continuous/discrete complex dynamical networks by optimal partitioning method

The synchronization problem for both continuous and discrete‐time complex dynamical networks with time‐varying delays is investigated. Using optimal partitioning method, time‐varying delays are partitioned into l subintervals and generalized results are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). New delay‐dependent synchronization criteria in terms of LMIs are derived by constructing appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional, reciprocally convex combination technique and some inequality techniques. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed synchronization criteria. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 21: 193–210, 2015