蒙特卡罗法模拟薄样品中低失能近轴背散射电子

用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了薄样品中的高能同轴背散射电子的背散射率和厚度衬度.结果指出用较大的探测能量窗口和大的探测角可在确保厚度衬度的前提下增强信噪比.大的入射能量虽有利于厚度衬度,但不利于提高信噪比.薄膜沉积在异质衬底上的模拟结果显示,虽然背散射率中包含有衬底材料的信息,但还是膜层厚度的单调变化函数,有可能通过背散射率的测量来判定薄膜厚度.     

新型扫描电镜分辨率的蒙特卡罗模拟

用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了利用高能同轴背散射电子的扫描电子显微镜的空间分辨率.点源模型的模拟结果显示小的入射能量、探测能量窗口及探测角值对应较好的分辨率.对由两种不同元素构成的边界而言,模拟结果显示好的分辨率对应较小的探测能量窗口和较大的探测角,最佳的入射能量是10keV.在合理优化电镜工作参数的前提下,最佳空间分辨率可达束斑大小的量级.     

同轴对称型主耦合器的研制

 为更进一步提高注入器的性能,注入器使用的耦合器采用同轴对称耦合。给出了同轴对称耦合器的理论计算、具体设计以及实验情况。经过对模型耦合器多次微波传输测量调试以及对各个部位反射的细致分析,最后获得了较好的结果,证明了该耦合器的实用性和可行性。     

Low-energy ion measurements by means of CR-39 nuclear track detectors

The paper presents an additional acceleration system, used to shift up an ion energy spectrum by 20 keV, and some examples of the ion parabolas registered by means of a Thomson-type spectrometer within the rod plasma injector (RPI-60) facility, designed for plasma physics and application studies. The use of the described acceleration system and CR-39 track detectors has enabled the registration of ions of energy above 20 keV to be performed. It made possible to measure the ion (e.g. deuteron) energy spectrum more exactly in the low-energy range, what is important for the determination of ion emission characteristics.     

菱形口射流与超音主流的相互作用

基于在不同射流角(10°, 27.5°, 45°, 90°)和射流总压(0.1 MPa, 0.46 MPa)下,对音速次膨胀射流通过菱形口喷射到马赫5横穿主流的实验及圆形射流器的对比实验,研究了次膨胀射流与超音横穿主流相互作用流场, 实验包括横截面流场的Pitot和锥静压力, 获得横截面马赫数、 压力分布．结果表明近壁面低马赫数半圆区为尾区,尾区附近边界层减薄．脱体激波高度向自由流扩展,激波形状更弯曲, 低马赫数区较大．高射流压力和射流角增加羽流涡度,激波位置较高．90°菱形和圆形喷射器有更强的羽流涡度,但圆形喷射器的低马赫数区较小．前沿渐细的变壁面的斜面物增加羽流涡度,反之,双变壁面的斜面物减弱羽流涡度．通过表面激波形状、中心平面激波及横截面激波模化三维激波形状,激波总压损失用正激波关系式通过马赫数法向分量估计．激波总压损失随射流角和动压比的减小而减小,最大损失发生在90°圆形和菱形喷射器．     

Enhancement of VUV Emission from a Coaxial Xenon Excimer Ultraviolet Lamp Driven by Distorted Bipolar Square Voltages

Enhancement of vacuum UV emission (172 nm VUV) from a coaxial xenon excimer UV lamp (EUV) driven by distorted 50 kHz bipolar square voltages, as compared to that by sinusoidal voltages, is investigated numerically in this paper. A self‐consistent radial one‐dimensional fluid model, taking into consideration non‐local electron energy balance, is employed to simulate the discharge physics and chemistry. The discharge is divided into two three‐period portions; these include: the pre‐discharge, the discharge (most intense at 172 nm VUV emission) and the post‐discharge periods. The results show that the efficiency of VUV emission using the distorted bipolar square voltages is much greater than when using sinusoidal voltages; this is attributed to two major mechanisms. The first is the much larger rate of change of the voltage in bipolar square voltages, in which only the electrons can efficiently absorb the power in a very short period of time. Energetic electrons then generate a higher concentration of metastable (and also excited dimer) xenon that is distributed more uniformly across the gap, for a longer period of time during the discharge process. The second is the comparably smaller amount of “wasted” power deposition by Xe⁺₂ in the post‐discharge period, as driven by distorted bipolar square voltages, because of the nearly vanishing gap voltage caused by the shielding effect resulting from accumulated charges on both dielectric surfaces (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Unsteady flow of an elastico-viscous fluid between two coaxial circular cylinders

Unsteady flow of an Oldroyd fluid between two coaxial circular cylinders is investigated, the fluid being set in motion as the inner cylinder moves from rest for a certain period with linearly growing speed and then stops suddenly. The Laplace transform technique is used to derive the solution. For the case when the gap between the cylinders is small, a simplified solution is obtained. The expression for the shear stress on the wall of the outer cylinder is obtained and particular cases are discussed.     

DIAMOND PORT JET INTERACTION WITH SUPERSONIC FLOW

Interaction flow field of the sonic air jet through diamond shaped orifices at different incidence angles （10 degrees, 27.5 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees） and total pressures （0.10 MPa and 0. 46 MPa） with a Mach 5.0 freestream was studied experimentally. A 90 degrees circular injector was examined for comparison. Crosssection Mach number contours were acquired by a Pitot-cone five-hole pressure probe. The results indicate that the low Mach semicircular region close to the wall is the wake region. The boundary layer thinning is in the areas adjacent to the wake. For the detached case, the interaction shock extends further into the freestream, and the shock shape has more curvature, also the low-Mach upwash region is larger. The vortices of the plume and the height of the jet interaction shock increase with increasing incidence angle and jet pressure. 90 degrees diamond and circular injector have stronger plume vorticity, and for the circular injector low-Mach region is smaller than that for the diamond injector. Tapered ramp increases the plume vorticity, and the double ramp reduces the level of vorticity. The three-dimensional interaction shock shape was modeled from the surface shock shape, the center plane shock shape, and crosssectional shock shape. The shock total pressure was estimated with the normal component of the Mach number using normal shock theory. The shock induced total pressure losses decrease with decreasing jet incidence angle and injection pressure, where the largest losses are incurred by the 90 degrees, circular injector.     

Influence of a Longitudinal Magnetic Field on the Hall Effect in the Plasma Accelerator Channel

An analytic model of steady-state two-dimensional flows in coaxial plasma-accelerator channels in the presence of a longitudinal magnetic field is proposed. The solution of the problem is found in the smooth channel approximation for the MHD equations of an ideal two-component plasma. An example of the developing axisymmetric flows is given and the features of the plasma-dynamic processes are investigated. It is found that the Hall effect and the anode flow zone can be reduced using a longitudinal field and plasma rotation.