碳化钼改性二氧化硅的制备及其电化学性能

采用硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖分别作为硅源、钼源和碳源,通过溶胶?凝胶法制备了碳包覆二氧化硅（SiO₂）和碳化钼（Mo₂C）颗粒的SiO₂/Mo₂C/C复合物,并借助X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等仪器对复合物的物相组成、形貌结构等进行了表征测试,同时研究了复合物作为锂离子电池负极材料的电化学性能。结果表明,当硅酸四乙酯、钼酸铵和蔗糖的质量比为3∶1∶2（记为SiO₂/Mo₂C/C 2）用作锂离子电池的负极材料时具有较好的电化学性能。在电流密度为100 mA/g,首次充电和放电比容量分别为662和896 mA·h/g,经过200次循环后,可逆容量仍可达625 mA·h/g。即使在2 A/g的大电流密度下,可逆容量仍可达272 mA·h/g。该复合材料表现出良好的倍率性能和循环稳定性,这主要归因于Mo₂C具有良好的稳定性和较高的导电性,提高了SiO₂的导电性,同时碳包覆层可以保护核心材料直接与电解液反应生成副产物,还可以作为缓冲层减缓SiO₂的体积膨胀,因此在进行充放电的过程中,材料的电化学性能得到显著的提升。在此提出利用过渡金属碳化物改善SiO₂导电性和循环性能的新思想,可以为其它负极材料的改性提供新的研究思路并扩宽研究方向。     

Effect of Ionic Strength on the Electrochemiluminescence Generation by Tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/Tri-n-propylamine

Electrochemiluminescence(ECL) is a powerful transduction technique used in biosensing and in vitro diagnosis, while the mechanism of ECL generation is complicated and affected by various factors. Herein the effect of ionic strength on ECL generation by the classical tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)[Ru(bpy)₃²⁺]/tri-n-propylamine(TPrA) system was investigated. It is clear that the ECL intensity decreases significantly with the increase of ionic strength, most likely arising from the reduced deprotonation rate of TPrA^+·. We further combined microtube electrode(MTE) with ECL microscopy to unravel the evolution of ECL layer with the variation of ionic strength. At a low concentration of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺, the thickness of ECL layer(TEL) nearly kept unchanged with the ionic strength, indicating the surface-confined ECL generation is dominated by the oxidative-reduction route. While at a high concentration of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺, ECL generation is dominated by the catalytic route and TEL increases remarkably with the increase of ionic strength, because of the extended diffusion length of Ru(bpy)₃³⁺ at a reduced concentration of TPrA^·.     

B2-NiAl纳米薄膜厚度对其弹性性能影响的模拟研究

本文应用分子动力学(MD)技术和改进分析型嵌入原子模型(MAEAM)研究B2-NiAl纳米薄膜有关弹性性能的尺寸效应和表面效应. 首先计算块体B2-NiAl合金的弹性性能和该类薄膜的厚度尺寸对其表面能的影响, 发现块体B2-NiAl薄膜的弹性性能与已有的实验和理论计算结果接近, 而薄膜表面能仅与表面原子组分有关, 基本不受其厚度尺寸的影响. 在此基础上, 重点研究了纳米薄膜的弹性性能随其厚度尺寸变化关系, 发现所有纳米薄膜弹性性能都随其尺寸增加而呈指数变化, 并受表面原子组分调控. 并进一步分析尺寸影响纳米薄膜弹性性能的内在机理, 发现纳米薄膜的晶面间距偏离和表面是影响其弹性性能随尺寸变化的主要因素, 并与以前实验和理论研究结果相符合.     

受限原子蒸气/电介质周期层状结构中光子带隙的厚度调制

周期性受限原子蒸气/电介质层光子带隙(PBG)宽度及其诱导的反射平顶随蒸气层厚度d的增大而变宽,并在d/(λ0/2)=0.5(λ0为原子的共振波长)时达到最大值,之后随d的增大呈变窄趋势.随着蒸气厚度的增大,带隙的中心频率产生红移,厚度越大,红移量越大.研究还发现,共振波长处的反射及透射谱具有迪克窄化结构.这种可调谐的PBGs结构可望用于全光反射镜及滤波器.     

Effect of particle size in fluidization of polyethylene particle mixtures on the extent of bed electrification and wall coating

In this work the effects of polyethylene fluidizing particle size (smaller than 400 μm) on the degree of fluidized bed electrification and wall coating formation was studied. Experiments were conducted in a stainless steel, 0.15 m diameter column, under ambient conditions. Polyethylene resin as received (20–1500 μm) as well as mono-sized and binary mixture of large (600–710 μm) and small (212–300 & 300–425 μm) polyethylene particles were fluidized while their mass, net specific charge and size distribution in the bulk of the bed and the wall coating were measured. For the binary mixture the fraction of the small particles examined were 5%–10% and 20%. The extent of wall coating varied between different cases tested with the mono-sized large particles resulting in the most amount coating. It was found that as the fraction of the small particles in the binary mixture was increased, these particles formed majority of the wall coating. At the mass fraction of 20%, the extent of wall coating and its net specific charge were similar to that of resin as received. Overall results implied that the magnitude of the smaller sized particles within the resin played an important role in the degree of particles electrostatic charging and the extent of the particles adhesion to the column wall. Small particles were found to generate a much larger net specific charge which although resulted in them coating the column wall but prevented the coating layer growth.     

地下储气井钢管壁厚检测电路设计

项目设计的回旋式自动悬浮超声波探头装置,采用超声波时差法测量地下高压储气井钢管的壁厚,为满足检测分辨率为0.2mm的要求,需要对小至0.075μS的时间差进行高精度测量。方案采用在MSP430单片机控制下的高精度时间间隔测量芯片TDC-GP2实现了前述技术要求。以此为核心开发研制的CNG地下高压储气井专用检测装置设备样机具有体积小、重量轻、成本低、精度高、使用方便的特点,较好地满足了地下储气井现场检修探测的技术要求。     

Co元素对硬质合金基底金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法, 研究了硬质合金刀具基底黏结相Co元素对金刚石涂层膜基界面结合强度的影响机理. 借助Materials Studio软件建立了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型, 采用CASTEP仿真软件计算了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的最优稳定结构. 通过仿真计算, 获得了WC/Diamond膜基界面模型和WC-Co/Diamond膜基界面模型的界面结合能、电荷密度图及Mulliken重叠布居数. 经对比分析后发现, 硬质合金基底中磁性元素Co的存在能转移金刚石涂层膜基界面处W元素及C元素的电荷, 从而使膜基界面处的原子因失电荷而相斥, 这直接导致了金刚石涂层膜基界面间距变大, 使得金刚石涂层膜基界面结合能降低.     

Antireflection ln2O3 coatings of self‐organized TiO2 nanotube layers prepared by atomic layer deposition

We report on the uniform anti‐reflection coating of TiO₂ nanotube layers with a secondary material – indium trioxide (In₂O₃) – by atomic layer deposition (ALD). We provide for the first time the detailed evidence of the ALD deposited coating inside nanotubes for three different tube layers with aspect ratio up to ≈80, which is so far the highest aspect ratio reported for ALD‐processed self‐organized anodic TiO₂ nanotubes. We show that uniform In₂O₃coating of the nanotubes strongly influences the overall reflectance of the layers due to intrinsic properties of In₂O₃. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

深紫外光刻光学薄膜

深紫外波段是目前常规光学技术的短波极限,随着波长的缩短,深紫外光学薄膜开发面临一系列特殊的问题;而对于深紫外光刻系统这样的典型超精密光学系统来说,对薄膜光学元件提出的要求则更加苛刻。本文主要介绍了适用于深紫外光刻系统的薄膜材料及膜系设计;对薄膜沉积工艺、元件面形保障、大口径曲面均匀性等超精密光学元件的指标保障关键问题进行了讨论;对环境污染与激光辐照特性等光刻系统中薄膜元件环境适应性的重要因素进行了深入分析。以上分析为突破高性能深紫外光刻光学薄膜开发瓶颈,更好地满足深紫外光刻等极高精度光学系统的应用需求指明了方向。     

Novel insights into controlled drug release from coated pellets by confocal Raman microscopy

The development of novel therapeutics with improved efficacy implies increasing complexity of drug delivery systems, which in turn require advanced methods for their analytical characterization. Among these systems, pellets represent upcoming carrier systems, which show several advantages like simplified dosing and improved compliance among children and the aged population. However, rational development of such systems is hampered by the lack of non‐destructive, chemically selective analytical insight into compound distribution and drug release mechanisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate confocal Raman microscopy (CRM) for investigation of coated drug‐loaded pellets based on visualization of compound distribution and elucidation of drug release mechanisms. Three complementary approaches were applied for pellet characterization: analysis of cross sections after bisectioning, non‐invasive visualization of the pellet surface, and virtual cross sectioning in x–z direction. As the surface of such pellets is structured, a complementary approach of optical topography and CRM was applied for three‐dimensional analysis. Based on the individual Raman peak patterns, the drug and excipients forming the matrix of the pellets and the film coating were successfully visualized with high spatial resolution, verifying homogeneous drug distribution and intact polymer coating of the pellet. Further, analysis of the pellets after certain time intervals during drug release testing revealed pore formation in the polymer coating facilitating drug release and preceding drug depletion in the pellets matrix. CRM represents an upcoming technique for analytical characterization of carrier systems and elucidation of their complex drug release mechanisms, thus supporting rational development of novel therapeutics. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.