泡沫镍负载Ag/MoO2直接电极的制备及其电化学性能

采用水热法制备了不同Ag修饰量的Ag/MoO2纳米复合材料,并利用浸渍法将其负载在多孔泡沫镍(Nickel foam,NF)上制备成Ag/MoO2/NF无粘结剂型直接电极.在该电极中Ag/MoO2纳米颗粒均匀地负载在泡沫镍上形成了三维网络结构,其中MoO2纳米颗粒是由~10 nm的纳米晶组成.当Ag修饰量为5;时,Ag0.05/MoO2/NF具有最佳的电化学性能:在0.1 C的电流密度下,首次放电比容量高达1180 mAh/g,100次循环后仍保持805 mAh/g;且当电流密度由2 C降低至0.1 C时,比容量由468 mAh/g升高至820 mAh/g,表现出优异的储锂性能.     

聚氨酯泡沫塑料的强度与断裂韧性

针对3种密度的聚氨酯泡沫塑料进行了拉伸实验。通过无缺口试件确定了3种密度泡沫塑料的拉伸断裂强度,而利用有缺口试件确定了这些材料的拉伸断裂韧性。为了研究高密度泡沫塑料的拉伸断裂机制,还对破坏后试件进行了扫描电镜分析。此外,还简要讨论了泡沫塑料拉伸断裂力学性能的理论预测问题。     

不同靶材超热电子和非线性过程特性的实验研究

在“星光Ⅱ”上进行几种特殊靶材盘靶和特殊结构腔靶产生超热电子和非线性过程 (受激Raman散射 (SRS)、双等离子体衰变 (TPD)、受激布里渊散射 (SBS)特征实验研究。该实验表明 :低ZCH泡沫或CH膜对抑制超热电子预热和非线性过程的产生是不利的 ,它们不作腔的第一打击面。     

Modulus prediction and discussion of reinforced syntactic foams with coated hollow spherical inclusions

The elastic properties of syntactic foams with coated hollow spherical inclusions have been studied by means of Mori and Tanaka‘s concept of average stress in the matrix and Eshelby‘s equivalent inclusion theories. Some formulae to predict the effective modulus of this material have been derived theoretically. Based on these formulae, the influences of coating parameters such as the thickness and Poisson‘s ratio on the modulus of the syntactic foams have been discussed at the same time.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的痕量金

采用王水体系对地球化学样品进行水浴消解,聚氨酯泡塑吸附富集,硫脲解脱,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定地球化学样品中的金元素。采用调谐液调节ICP-MS仪器至最佳化,以GAu-11b为标准,单点校正直接测定。对痕量金标准物质(GAu-12、GAu-13、GAu-11b、GAu-10a、GAu-2b、GAu-7b、GAu-8a)的分析结果与标准值相一致,方法相对标准偏差(RSD,n=12)为4.8%~6.7%。方法检出限为0.015ng/g,加标回收率为85.5%~100%。与常规石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定方法相比较,ICP-MS法操作简单快捷、试剂用量少、信背比高,有利于大批量地球化学样品快速测定。     

基于量纲分析的泡沫铝板吸能研究

基于落锤冲击试验,以含有5个变量的泡沫铝板受冲击的能量吸收规律为研究对象,运用量纲分析法描述试验系统中各参数之间的内在联系.以落锤冲击试验为基础进行仿真试验设计,利用Abaqus软件进行仿真试验并求得相应的仿真数据,最后得到泡沫铝板受冲击后的吸能量与参数之间的方程式,检验结果显示方程式对能量吸收值具有较好的预测性.     

Laser-Induced Generation of Hydrogen in Water by Using Graphene Target

A new method of hydrogen generation from water, by irradiation with CW infrared laser diode of graphene scaffold immersed in solution, is reported. Hydrogen production was extremely efficient upon admixing NaCl into water. The efficiency of hydrogen production increased exponentially with laser power. It was shown that hydrogen production was highly efficient when the intense white light emission induced by laser irradiation of graphene foam was occurring. The mechanism of laser-induced dissociation of water is discussed. It was found that hydrogen production was extremely high, at about 80%, and assisted by a small emission of O₂, CO and CO₂ gases.     

Crushability maps for structural polymeric foams in uniaxial loading under rigid confinement

A family of epoxy-based polymeric foams with various initial porosity levels was subjected to quasi-static uniaxial loading in rigid confinement (uniaxial strain) to investigate their crushability characteristics. Two issues were investigated. The first issue was the uniformity of deformation in a specimen as a function of porosity level by creating a grid of equally spaced thin stripes on the surface and by monitoring their pattern during the experiment. It was found that the higher the porosity of foam, the more non-uniform the deformation in the specimen. However, the localized non-uniform deformation did not affect the global stress-strain response, especially at large deformations. The second issue was the development of a new analysis tool, called “crushability map”. The purpose of the tool is to depict the evolution of porosity, bulk density and energy absorption as functions of applied strain, stress, and porosity. These maps can assist in characterizing the residual crushability or energy absorption capability of foams as a function of residual porosity. The maps can be used as a design tool for selection of suitable foams for a given application in conjunction with various design criteria.     

Cu3P纳米板阵列@泡沫铜三维骨架的原位构筑及其作为高性能锂金属负极

通过简单的原位生长法,将Cu3P纳米板阵列均匀负载在商业化的泡沫铜内部(NF?Cu3P@Cu),并用作锂金属负极的三维骨架载体材料。亲锂性的Cu3P纳米板阵列可以提供均匀且丰富的锂成核活性位点,诱导锂金属在NF?Cu3P@Cu内快速形核和均匀电沉积。同时,在电镀沉积锂时,Cu3P纳米板阵列会被锂化形成快离子导体Li3P,可以确保锂离子在复合负极中的快速均匀传输,从而有效抑制锂枝晶的形成。因此,获得的Li@NF?Cu3P@Cu复合负极材料在对称电池和全电池中,均表现出优异的循环稳定性。     

超低单醇含量聚醚基软质聚氨酯泡沫的研究

以双金属络合氰化物(DMC)为催化剂,首先制备出超低单醇含量、高分子量的聚氧化丙烯醚多元醇。用这种聚醚多元醇采用全水发泡体系合成软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,通过物理机械性能的检测表明,用DMC聚醚多元醇比常规的PPG聚醚多元醇制备的软质聚氨酯泡沫塑料具有更优越的理化性能和开发应用价值。