多体系统动力学中关节效应模型的研究进展

在一般的多体系统动力学研究中认为运动关节是理想运动副. 然而,实际中的运动关节不仅含有间隙与摩擦,还有间隙引起的关节元素之间的接触碰撞、局部变形和磨损. 多体系统动力学中的关节效应不仅引起了系统的振动和噪声,减小了系统的可靠性和寿命,而且损失了系统的精度和稳定性. 为此,对近十几年多体系统动力学中关节效应的研究进行了详细分析,总结了关节效应中间隙运动学模型、接触力模型与磨损模型在多体系统动力学中的建模过程. 其中,着重分析了多体系统动力学中关节磨损效应的研究进展,并对常用的Reye'shypothesis 和Archard 磨损模型进行了比较,详细地分析了Archard 磨损模型的演变形式以及主要磨损参数(接触应力,接触面积和滑移距离),特别分析了关键磨损参数接触应力的建模方法,解释了基于Winkler 弹性基础理论在求解接触应力时遇到的困难. 另外,介绍了4 种间隙运动副(转动副、移动副、圆柱副和球面副) 的运动学模型. 分析了考虑关节磨损多体系统动力学模型的一般建模方法,并以平面五杆机构为例说明了其建模过程.最后,简要地展望了多体系统动力学中关节效应模型的发展趋势以及应用前景.      

间隙尺寸对叶栅气动特性影响的实验研究

本文在低速风洞上对叶顶间隙尺寸为0.036 m的常规直叶栅的间隙中分面和上、下游及栅内的气动参数进行了详细的测量,并与黄洪雁博士对相同叶栅测量的0.023 m间隙尺寸下的实验数据进行了比较。通过对实验结果的分析和讨论,认为叶顶间隙的存在将在涡轮叶栅内引起沿叶高指向上端壁的二次流动,从而改善了下半叶展的流动性能,恶化了上半叶展的流动状态。在较大间隙下泄漏流动更加趋近上端壁,增强了壁面剪切效应,从而使得较大间隙的总压损失大于较小间隙。     

Comparison and analysis of two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of the Coulomb dry friction model versus the modified Coulomb friction model on the dynamic behavior of the slider-crank mechanism with a revolute clearance joint. The normal and tangential forces acting on the contact points between the journal and the bearing are described by using a Hertzian-based contact force model and the Coulomb friction models, respectively. The dynamic equations of the mechanism are derived based on the Lagrange equations of the first kind and the Baumgarte stabilization method. The frictional force is solved via the linear complementarity problem (LCP) algorithm and the trial-and-error algorithm. Finally, three numerical examples are given to show the influence of the two Coulomb friction models on the dynamic behavior of the mechanism. Numerical results show that due to the stick friction, the slider-crank mechanism may exhibit stick-slip motion and can balance at some special positions, while the mechanism with ideal joints cannot.     

高压微间隙下4010航空油的润滑特性研究

在自制的新型膜厚测量仪上,测量4010航空油在不同接触压力、温度和卷吸速度下的干涉图像,分析接触区的润滑特性。结果表明：在低温高速区主要表现为弹流润滑,中心膜厚与接触压力呈负相关;而在低温低速、高温区主要表现为薄膜润滑,中心膜厚受接触压力的影响较小。在弹流润滑区内高接触压力下油膜形状呈平坦状分布,而薄膜润滑区内油膜形状总体上比较平滑。随着载荷的增加,弹流润滑区内由Hamrock-Dowson理论算得的膜厚值和实测值逐渐偏离,理论公式中卷吸速度和载荷的指数需要调整;而薄膜润滑区的膜厚值基本上保持平稳。     

弹尾弹射装置间隙密封的火药气体动力学

针对弹尾开孔安装用于侵彻数据回收的弹射装置后,存在的弹射间隙会使弹体内的测试装置受到火药气体侵蚀破坏的问题,设计了间隙密封结构,对流经间隙的火药气体进行了气体动力学的建模分析,并对密封结构进行了膛压和密封空腔压强测试。结果表明:火药燃烧产生的气体为可压缩性气体,在药室和收缩的间隙通道中为亚声速流动状态,而在扩张的密封空腔中为超声速流动状态;在弹底火药气体温度为2 166.5 K、密度为360 kg/m3、压强为242.9 MPa的条件下,经过密封装置的密封后,密封空腔内的残余气体压强为0.49 MPa。试验所得密封空腔内的最大压强为0.18 MPa,与模型计算结果基本吻合。     

不同间隙条件下的叶顶区流动

本文用数值方法研究带有间隙的三维叶栅叶顶区的流动。对于不同大小的间隙及环壁静止与旋转的不同壁面条件,揭示了叶顶区流动的细节。计算结果表明,叶片当地厚度与间隙高度之比过大过小的情形均不易形成叶顶分离涡,相比轮毂静止的情形,轮毂转动时较不易形成叶顶分离涡。     

有叶顶间隙的涡轮弯叶栅拓扑与旋涡结构（I）—试验模型、端壁与叶片表面拓扑结构

根据具有叶顶间隙的直叶栅和正、反弯叶栅壁面流动的墨迹显示以及横截面内气动参数测量，应用拓扑学原理，分析了端壁与叶片表面拓扑结构，与直叶栅比较，叶片正弯消除了上通道涡分离线，并使二次涡由闭式分离转变为开式分离，而叶片反弯仅影响奇点位置、旋涡强度与尺度。     

Effects of GaAs and Ga2O3 on magnetometric behavior of iron oxide particles in rabbit lungs

Intratracheal instillation of a GaAs suspension has been histopathologically shown to induce a diffuse pulmonary response. In the present study, magnetometry was used to evaluate the effects of intratracheally instilled GaAs and Ga₂O₃ on the behavior of externally magnetized iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) particles instilled in rabbit lung. Magnetometric evaluation of the effects of GaAs in rabbits dosed with 30 mg or 300 mg per animal showed a significantly decreased relaxation of iron oxide particles at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following instillation compared with the controls. On the other hand, in the rabbits exposed to Ga₂O₃, significantly reduced decay constants were observed only on the first and third days following instillation. Relaxation indicates a rapid decrease of remanent magnetic field following magnetization of the lungs due to random rotation of phagocytosed iron oxide particles in macrophages. Clearance of the iron oxide particles was measured by serial determinations of the remanent magnetic field at the end of magnetization estimated from relaxation curves. Clearance was significantly impaired at 14, 21 and 28 days after instillation in rabbits exposed to both doses of GaAs. Slightly delayed clearance was also observed in rabbits exposed to Ga₂O₃. Histological examination of lungs instilled with GaAs indicated active phagocytosis of GaAs and iron oxide particles by pulmonary macrophages, as well as pneumonocytes hyperplasia with marked thickening of the alveolar walls. Minimal histological changes with retention of iron oxide particles were found in the lungs exposed to Ga₂O₃.     

轴流压气机转子内流数值模拟及叶顶间隙泄漏分析

本文数值求解N—S方程和Euler方程对比分析单转子轴流压气机内部流场、计算较好地预测了压气机的平均流场及叶尖泄漏涡的生成演化过程。为分析泄漏流动的成因，本文采用简化模型计算泄漏速度。计算与实验结果的时比表明，泄漏流动是无私流动，粘性主要表现为对涡的衰减；泄漏流动由叶片两侧的转了静压控制，粘性在叶片两侧作用持平；给定叶片两侧的转子静压即可由Bernoulli方程求出泄漏速度。     

Mode-locking in nonlinear rotordynamics

Summary We present a computer-assisted study of the dynamics of two nonlinearly coupled driven oscillators with rotational symmetry which arise in rotordynamics (the nonlinearity coming from bearing clearance). The nonlinearity causes a splitting of the twofold degenerate natural frequency of the associated linear model, leading to three interacting frequencies in the system. Partial mode-locking then yields a biinfinite series of attracting invariant 2-tori carrying (quasi-) periodic motion.Due to the resonance nature, the (quasi-) periodic solutions become periodic in a corotating coordinate system. They can be viewed as entrainments of periodic solutions of the associated linear problem. One presumably infinite family is generated by (scaled) driving frequencies = 1+2/n,n = 1,2,3,...; another one is generated by frequencies =m,m = 4,5,6,... Both integersn andm can be related to discrete symmetry properties of the particular periodic solutions.Under a perturbation that breaks the rotational symmetry, more complicated behavior is possible. In particular, a second rational relation between the frequencies can be established, resulting in fully mode-locked periodic motion.