陶瓷物态方程实验研究

 采用爆轰加载和阻抗匹配法，得到了05-Al₂O₃陶瓷的冲击波速度D和粒子速度u的线性关系为：D=(2.60±0.20)+(1.65±0.09)u（km/s）。根据所得实验结果，利用Born-Meyer势获得了Grüneisen物态方程。     

透明陶瓷及应用

透明陶瓷具有电光转换特性。在护目镜、图象存储等方面有广泛应用。     

铁电体爆电换能器的匹配研究

 本文根据冲击加载PZT铁电陶瓷材料的电响应理论，讨论了垂直模式的矩形和柱形铁电陶瓷样品含电感负载时的最佳匹配关系、最佳状态的某些特性及最佳装置的设计方法。计算举例表明，理论同已做过的矩形爆电换能实验符合很好。     

Nd扩渗BaTiO_3陶瓷的电性能与XPS研究

采用气相法对钛酸钡陶瓷扩渗Nd元素,经Nd扩渗BaTiO3陶瓷的电性能发生了十分显著的变化。通过正交实验,确定了最佳扩渗条件,当Nd的浓度为2%,扩渗时间为4h,扩渗温度为860℃时,BaTiO3陶瓷的导电性最好,其室温电阻率从4 3×109Ω·m下降为37 45Ω·m,而且随着温度升高,交流电导逐渐增大,导电性更强。Nd扩渗使BaTiO3陶瓷的介电常数增加,而介电损耗降低,BaTiO3陶瓷的介电性能得到了显著改善。经Nd扩渗BaTiO3陶瓷的介电常数随着温度的变化呈明显的PTC效应,其居里温度降低为118 1℃。经XPS测试分析,给出了Nd扩渗BaTiO3陶瓷体系中各元素结合能位置的峰值,并表明Nd扩渗BaTiO3陶瓷中Nd,Ba,Ti都存在变价,因而导致了BaTiO3陶瓷导电性的增强。     

Advanced ceramics and their basic products: A challenge to the analytical sciences

The analytical characterization required in the development and in the quality control of new ceramics is discussed. For the basic substances, the problems encountered in the development of routine techniques for a direct and reliable analysis of Al₂O₃, AlN, Si₃N₄, SiC, and ZrO₂ powders are reported. Among the atomic spectrometric methods, especially slurry atomization ICP-spectrometry is described. Also the problems encountered in the development of combined procedures as required for the characterization of reference samples are presented. Methods for the direct bulk analysis of ceramics and microdistributional analysis, as they are now under development with laser-based techniques and various probe techniques, are described as well.     

A Novel Approach by Spark Plasma Sintering to the Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Titanium Carbonitride-Reinforced Alumina Ceramics

Ti(C,N)-reinforced alumina-zirconia composites with different ratios of C to N in titanium carbonitride solid solutions, such as Ti(C_0.3,N_0.7) (C:N = 30:70) and Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5) (C:N = 50:50), were tested to improve their mechanical properties. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) with temperatures ranging from 1600 °C to 1675 °C and pressureless sintering (PS) with a higher temperature of 1720 °C were used to compare results. The following mechanical and physical properties were determined: Vickers hardness, Young’s modulus, apparent density, wear resistance, and fracture toughness. A composite with the addition of Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5)n nanopowder exhibited the highest Vickers hardness of over 19.0 GPa, and its fracture toughness was at 5.0 Mpa·m^1/2. A composite with the Ti(C_0.3,N_0.7) phase was found to have lower values of Vickers hardness (by about 10%), friction coefficient, and specific wear rate of disc (Ws_d) compared to the composite with the addition of Ti(C_0.5,N_0.5). The Vickers hardness values slightly decreased (from 5% to 10%) with increasing sintering temperature. The mechanical properties of the samples sintered using PS were lower than those of the samples that were spark plasma sintered. This research on alumina–zirconia composites with different ratios of C to N in titanium carbonitride solid solution Ti(C,N), sintered using an unconventional SPS method, reveals the effect of C/N ratios on improving mechanical properties of tested composites. X-ray analysis of the phase composition and an observation of the microstructure was carried out.     

MgNb2O6 Modified K0.5Na0.5NbO3 Eco-Piezoceramics: Scalable Processing,Structural Distortion and Complex Impedance at Resonance

In this work, piezoceramics of the lead-free composition K_0.5Na_0.5NbO₃ with an increasing amount of MgNb₂O₆ (0, 0.5, 1, 2 wt.%) were prepared through conventional solid-state synthesis and sintered in air atmosphere at 1100 °C. The effect of magnesium niobate addition on structure, microstructure and piezoelectric properties was evaluated. The ceramics maintain the orthorhombic Amm2 phase for all compositions, while an orthorhombic Pbcm secondary phase was found for increasing the concentration of MgNb₂O₆. Our results show that densification of these ceramics can be significantly improved up to 94.9 % of theoretical density by adding a small amount of magnesium-based oxide (1 wt.%). Scanning electron microscopy morphology of the 1 wt.% system reveals a well-packed structure with homogeneous grain size of ∼2.72 μm. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties become optimal for 0.5–1.0 wt.% of MgNb₂O₆ that shows, with respect to the unmodified composition, either higher piezoelectric coefficients, lower anisotropy and relatively low piezoelectric losses (d₃₃=97 pC N⁻¹; d₃₁=−36.99 pC N⁻¹ and g₃₁=−14.04×10⁻³ mV N⁻¹; Q_p(d₃₁)=76 and Q_p(g₃₁)=69) or enhanced electromechanical coupling factors (k_p=29.06 % and k₃₁=17.25 %).     

Sodium/lithium 3d transition metalates for chemisorption of gaseous pollutants: a review

Sodium/lithium transition metalates have found tremendous potential as cathode materials for Na/Li batteries. These metalates have acid-base and redox characteristics, which could be utilized for the chemisorption of gaseous pollutants. Their use was focused mainly on CO₂ gas chemisorption at elevated temperatures. In recent years, these materials have found interesting applications in the chemisorption of CO, NO, SO₂, and H₂S gases. Some of these alkali ceramics have shown tremendous potential for the wet-oxidative removal of acidic gases, even in ambient conditions. The review presents an up-to-date account of alkali ceramics of 3d transition metals for the chemisorption of toxic gases, including CO₂, CO, NO, SO₂, and H₂S. To the best of our knowledge, Na/Li 3d transition metalates have never been reviewed in the context of air decontamination, which needs to be presented to the readers for air purification applications.     

New Ceramics Precursors Containing Si and Ge Atoms—Cubic Germasilsesquioxanes—Synthesis,Thermal Decomposition and Spectroscopic Analysis

Compounds of the silsesquioxane type are attractive material precursors. High molecular weights and well-defined structures predestine them to create ceramics with a controlled composition at the molecular level. New molecular precursors of ceramic materials with the ratio of Si:Ge = 7:1 atoms were obtained. The influence of organic substituents on the thermal decomposition processes of germasilsesquioxanes was investigated. Some of the structures obtained are characterized by a high non-volatile residue after the thermal decomposition process. The introduction of the germanium atom to the structure of the silsesquioxane molecular cage reduces the thermal stability of the obtained structures.     

水热条件下形成的PLZT固溶体的X射线分析

用Ｘ射线分析研究了不同水热条件下（１３０～２２０℃，ＣＫＯＨ＝１～５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｚｒ／Ｔｉ＝０／１０～１０／０，Ｐｂ／（Ｚｒ＋Ｔｉ）＝１．０～１．７，ｘ（Ｌａ）＝０～２０％）四元系ＰＬＺＴ固溶体的形成，Ｌａ（３＋）在上述水热条件下不易进入固溶体晶格取代Ａ位的Ｐｂ（２＋）或Ｂ位的Ｚｒ（４＋）和Ｔｉ（４＋），而可能存在于晶界处或被吸附在颗粒的表面上，通过热处理逐渐进入晶格。在固溶体的四方相区易发生Ａ位取代，使晶胞收缩，轴比减小．在三方相区可能同时发生Ａ位与Ｂ位取代，晶胞体积稍有缩小．Ｌａ（３＋）的存在有利于三方－四方同质异构相界区固溶体的形成。反应温度和矿化剂ＫＯＨ的浓度对产物固溶体的形成及其形貌有重要影响。