基于Gristensen算法的砂岩储层横波速度计算方法

由于横波测量成本高,大部分油田测井资料中仅有少部分横波数据,则依据常规测井资料准确构建横波曲线已成为关键.考虑到横波构建理论方法更多地依赖实验室分析资料,提出在Gristensen经验公式基础上,以研究区横波测量曲线为约束,通过优化反演确立公式系数是一种好的研究思路.优化方法实现中采用阻尼型高斯牛顿法,保障了多参数优化迭代的收敛性和精度.将研究方法用于卫星油田横波数据构建中,取得好的计算结果.     

改进的多目标粒子群算法

提出了一个改进的粒子群算法并将其用于解决多目标优化问题．该算法利用粒子群算法的信息传递机制，引入多目标演化算法常用的归档技术，采用SPEA2算法的环境选择和配对选择策略，使得整个群体在保持适当的选择压力的情况下收敛于Pareto最优解集．标准测试函数的数值实验结果表明，所提出的算法能够使找到的解集快速收敛到Pareto非劣最优目标域，并且解集沿着Pareto非劣最优目标域有很好的扩展性．     

神经网络在平面布线 中的应 用

Hopfield给出N个节点完全图K，中求最短Hamilton圈的神经网络方法，若将无自环图看做K，的子图，不难求出Hamilton图的Hamilton圈.不过当节点数增多时，解神经网络动态方程常得到次优解，和Hamilton圈差一两条边，称为准Hamilton圈.利用Hamilton圈和准Hamilton圈，可以画出一个平面图的平面化图，或者将一个非平面图分解为平面化子图，以便平面布线.     

绿色建筑前期设计阶段的多目标优化及多属性决策模型

综合考虑建筑物的体型参数、围护结构参数和功能布局的影响,运用层次分析法将描述性的功能目标转化为定量值,建立绿色建筑前期设计阶段的能耗、成本和功能的多目标优化模型。针对模型变量的离散性,以邻域拓扑结构改进粒子群算法,防止陷入局部最优,得到绿色建筑方案的Pareto解集。在绿色建筑多属性决策中引入马氏距离与组合赋权方法,对最优方案进行排序决策。通过案例分析验证该模型的效果,在保证一定功能的前提下,可获得较低的能耗和成本,实现绿色建筑设计理念。     

Product line selection and pricing under a share-of-surplus choice model

Product line selection and pricing decisions are critical to the profitability of many firms, particularly in today’s competitive business environment in which providers of goods and services are offering a broad array of products to satisfy customer needs.We address the problem of selecting a set of products to offer and their prices when customers select among the offered products according to a share-of-surplus choice model. A customer’s surplus is defined as the difference between his utility (willingness to pay) and the price of the product. Under the share-of-surplus model, the fraction of a customer segment that selects a product is defined as the ratio of the segment’s surplus from this particular product to the segment’s total surplus across all offered products with positive surplus for that segment.We develop a heuristic procedure for this non-concave, mixed-integer optimization problem. The procedure utilizes simulated annealing to handle the binary product selection variables, and a steepest-ascent-style procedure that relies on certain structural properties of the objective function to handle the non-concave, continuous portion of the problem involving the prices. We also develop a variant of our procedure to handle uncertainty in customer utilities. In computational studies, our basic procedures perform extremely well, producing solutions whose objective values are within about 5% of those obtained via enumerative methods. Our procedure to handle uncertain utilities also performs well, producing solutions with expected profit values that are roughly 10% higher than the corresponding expected profits from solutions obtained under the assumption of deterministic utilities.     

Approximately global optimization for assortment problems using piecewise linearization techniques

Recently, Li and Chang proposed an approximate model for assortment problems. Although their model is quite promising to find approximately global solution, too many 0–1 variables are required in their solution process. This paper proposes another way for solving the same problem. The proposed method uses iteratively a technique of piecewise linearization of the quadratic objective function. Numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the Li and Chang method.     

拟可微函数优化的Lagrange乘子与一阶最优性条件

本文给出了拟可微优化的Fritz John必须条件与Shapiro最优性必要条件的等价性质以及两个最优性充分条件.     

一种基于极坐标编码的果蝇优化算法

针对果蝇优化算法易陷入早熟收敛、收敛速度慢、寻优精度低的缺点,提出一种基于极坐标编码的果蝇优化算法.为提高果蝇优化算法的寻优精度,采用极坐标编码的形式,以增加单个母体寻优空间表示方法的多样性,并使种群中的个体,在围绕个体的整个超球体内随机搜索,使个体的搜索范围更加广泛.在迭代寻优过程中,根据适应度值和概率调整极角,逐渐降低观测结果的不确定性.通过9个基准测试函数,对基于极坐标编码的果蝇优化算法进行仿真实验,结果表明了算法在收敛性和稳定性方面,优于其它5个优化算法,测试结果验证了极坐标编码方法的有效性和可行性.     

Surface tension and viscosity measurements of liquids with the survismeter: a single instrumental unit

Surface tension (γ) and viscosity (η) data of aqueous solutions of the deoxyadenosine (DOA) and the deoxyribose (DOR) sugars have been measured with the survismeter, a new instrument, along with tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile and dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) solvents. The same properties have also been measured with a stalagmometer and a viscosimeter, respectively, which afford the same information, albeit at the expense of a larger amount of chemicals and solvents. We obtain comparatively better accuracy in both kinds of measurements than with conventional methods. Therefore, the survismeter lends itself as a simple and reliable instrument.     

无约束最优化的一个修正的类BFGS算法

利用前一步得到的曲率信息代替xk到xk+1段二次模型的曲率给出一个具有和BFGS类似的收敛性质的类BFGS算法,并揭示新算法与自调比拟牛顿法的关系.从试验函数库CUTE中选择标准试验函数,对比标准BFGS算法及其它改进BFGS算法进行数值试验.试验结果表明这个新算法的表现有点象自调比拟牛顿算法.