大理岩试样循环加载强化作用的试验研究

利用不同晶粒大理岩块加工成完整和含孔道的圆柱试样,在伺服实验机上分别进行单轴和常规三轴循环加载试验,其中三轴循环加载包括维持围压恒定和卸载围压两种情况.结果表明,循环加载确实可使试样的强度增加,强度大致提高5%-10%.岩石的材料强度和承载能力是两个不同的概念.大理岩晶粒之间多为裂隙,轴向压缩加载时晶粒局部接触应力远高于名义应力,在岩样未达到峰值应力之前,接触处已经产生很大的变形乃至出现局部破坏,形成的碎屑在卸载时可以脱落充填到附近的空隙,提高岩样承载能力.这种强化特征是与摩擦相关的承载能力,并非材料强度;与多次循环加载造成材料强度逐步劣化不同.从卸载点附近卸载与再加载应力应变曲线的关系,可以确认卸载是否引起岩石承载能力的增加.     

危岩主控结构面疲劳断裂寿命计算方法

危岩的破坏机理和安全性受控于危岩主控结构面．通过计算危岩主控结构面在自重、裂隙水压力及地震力作用下的Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型应力强度因子,建立了主控结构面临界长度计算方法;把主控结构面内的裂隙水压力视作交变荷载,通过计算其对主控结构面应力强度因子的贡献,遵循P-M准则运用Paris疲劳方程建立了处于临界状态条件下主控结构面的疲劳断裂寿命计算方法,并通过疲劳断裂试验确定了三峡库区万州地区典型长石石英砂岩的疲劳系数C值和m值．     

危岩主控结构面损伤模型研究

危岩是迄今研究程度极其薄弱的地质灾害类型,而主控结构面受荷损伤是危岩发育机理研究的核心技术．通过定义主控结构面裂端损伤区,运用损伤力学方法建立了裂端损伤区的即时泊松比和即时弹性模量的计算方法,并据此构建了主控结构面裂端损伤本构方程,为主控结构面断裂演化数值模拟奠定了理论基础．     

Rate dependent critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone

Critical strain energy density of rock can be defined as a fundamental parameter in rock fracture mechanics, an intrinsic material property related to resistance to crack initiation and propagation. By means of the three-point bending experiments, the critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone was measured over a wide range of loading rates from 8.97 × 10⁻⁴ MPam^1/2 s⁻¹ to 1.545 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹. According to the approximate relationship between static and dynamic critical strain energy density factor of Huanglong limestone, relationship between the growth velocity of crack and magnitude of load is obtained. The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) when the loading rate is higher than 0.0279 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹, the critical strain energy density factor of rock increased markedly with increasing loading rate. However, when loading rate is lower than 0.0279 MPam^1/2 s⁻¹, the critical strain energy density factor slightly increased with an increase in loading rate. It is found from experimental results that the critical strain energy density factor is linear proportional to the exponential expression of loading rate, (2) for Huanglong limestone, when the growth velocity of crack is lower than 100 m/s, value of the maximum load was nearly a constant. However, when the growth velocity of crack is higher than 1000 m/s, value of the maximum load dramatically increases with increasing the crack growth velocity, and (3) the critical SED of Huanglong limestone is higher as the loading rate is higher.     

基于监测信息的十三陵抽水蓄能电站引水洞抢险加固设计

北京地区十三陵抽水蓄能电站的引水洞穿过破碎岩体时,因地质条件很差而在开挖初期发生了塌方险情。抢险后及时进行了洞内位移监测。监测结果显示原设计所使用的挂网锚喷加钢拱架组成的支护结构变形较大,特别是在边墙部位,变形更加明显。根据监测结果对引水洞的支护方案进行了重要修改：加密钢拱架和挂网钢筋,并增加喷射混凝土厚度,在洞底增加仰拱。施行上述措施后,洞体位移收敛变小,并趋于稳定,达到了设计和安全使用要求。该可变更设计的成功,充分说明了在工程地质条件复杂,难以准确界定的情况下,信息化施工与可变更设计的重要性。     

单节理岩体在真三轴压缩状态下强度特性的分析

本对单节理岩体在真三轴压缩状态下的强度特性进行了分析,重点讨论了中间主应力对单节理岩体强度特性的影响诸问题。研究认为,中间主应力对节理岩体的强度特性是有影响的,在一定条件下,甚至可以成为主要的影响因素。     

应力波衰减基础上的岩石爆破损伤模型

在TCK损伤模型基础上 ,考虑岩石冲击损伤过程的声波测试衰减规律 ,构造新的岩石爆破损伤模型。将该模型装进LS DYNA3D动态有限元程序 ,通过岩石冲击损伤实验验证该程序的计算结果 ,并用新模型实现了岩石台阶爆破数值计算。     

Zonal fracturing mechanism in deep crack-weakened rock masses

The mechanical behaviors of deep crack-weakened rock masses are different from those of shallow crack-weakened rock masses. The surrounding rock in shallow crack-weakened rock mass engineering is classified into loose zone, plastic zone and elastic zone, while the surrounding rock in deep crack-weakened rock mass engineering is classified into fractured zone and non-fractured zone, which occur alternatively. It is assumed that the deep rock masses contain one joint set, in which the probability density function describing the distribution of sizes is assumed to follow the Rayleigh distribution, and the probability density function describing the distribution of spacing is assumed to follow the Weibull distribution. On the basis of strength criterion of deep rock mass, the near-field stress redistribution around circular opening induced by excavation is determined. The strong interaction among cracks is investigated by using the dislocation model. The nucleation, growth, interaction and coalescence of cracks were analyzed based on the strain energy density factor theory. When cracks coalesce, failure of deep crack-weakened rock masses occurs, fractured zone is formed. Then, size and quantity of fractured zone and non-fractured zone are given out. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with decreasing strength of rock mass. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with increasing in situ stress. Zonal fracturing phenomenon occurs once value of in situ stress is larger than the unaxial compressive strength of rock masses. The size and quantity of fractured zone decrease with increasing λ when p₂ > p₁. The size and quantity of fractured zone increase with increasing λ when p₂ < p₁.     

Energy consumption for creep fracture of metallic materials

The energy conservation law is applied to formulate the ductile and brittle creep fracture criterion for metallic materials. The criterion contains a summary of heat and latent energies. Assuming that the heat energy is given out so it has no effect on the fracture process, the ductile creep fracture criterion is simplified. To take into account the evaluation of the damage state of materials the compressibility condition is introduced and the brittle creep fracture law is formulated.     

THE CONSTITUTIVE RELATION OF CRACK-WEAKENED ROCK MASSES UNDER AXIAL-DIMENSIONAL UNLOADING

An accurate and efficient numerical method for solving the crack-crack interaction problem is presented. The method is mainly by means of the dislocation model, stress superposition principle and Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the pseudo-traction. This method can be applied to compute the stress intensity factors of multiple kinked cracks and multiple rows of periodic cracks as well as the overall strains of rock masses containing multiple kinked cracks under complex loads. Many complex computational examples are given. The dependence of the crack-crack interaction on the crack configuration, the geometrical and physical parameters, and loads pattern, is investigated. By comparison with numerical results under confining pressure unloading, it is shown that the crack-crack interaction under axial-dimensional unloading is weaker than those under confining pressure unloading. Numerical results for single faults and crossed faults show that the single faults are more unstable than the crossed faults. It is found from numerical results for different crack lengths and different crack spacing that the interaction among kinked cracks decreases with an increase in length of the kinked cracks and the crack spacing under axial-dimensional unloading.