清江水布垭水电站地下厂房岩体质量评价及反馈设计研究

考虑地下水 ,地应力及结构面产状和岩溶、剪切带发育的特点修正 ,确定了水布垭水电站地下工程洞室工程岩体质量 ,进行了地下工程的 RMR分类研究 ,讨论了与水布垭地下工程反馈设计及信息法施工的有关问题。     

矿山工程地质综合研究方法及在金川二矿区的应用

针对地下矿山工程的特点、研究现状及存在的问题 ,本文结合金川二矿区深部工程地质研究 ,提出了分项→综合→应用的矿山工程地质综合研究方法。该方法已经应用于金川二矿区二期工程无矿柱大面积连续开采矿岩突变失稳风险预测 ,取得了重要成果 ,为二期开拓工程设计及开采顺序的优化设计提供了重要依据。     

Micro–macro approach for the rock salt behaviour

Rock salt is considered as a pure aggregate of halite (mineral NaCl) crystals and its behaviour is investigated by a micro–macro approach. The behaviour of the polycrystalline aggregate is deduced from the properties of the constituent halite crystals. A model for the elastoplastic behaviour of halite crystal has been deduced from experimental data available in the literature. The basic equations of the micro–macro model for the polycrystalline medium and the calculation method are then presented and the elastoplastic behaviour of rock salt is investigated by this method. The hardening effects obtained for the polycrystal are found to be very different from those obtained for FCC metal polycrystals. The differences are explained as a consequence of differences of families of glide systems in these crystals. Finally, the internal stresses in the polycrystal are studied in order to elucidate the origin of cracking and damage of the rock salt.     

液相等离子体岩石爆破机理初步研究

建立了以NaCl溶液和高能量电容器组构成的等离子体模型试验系统 ,并将其用于岩石爆破试验。试验结果表明 :液相等离子体具有破碎介质的能力 ,试验系统是可靠的 ;与传统的炸药爆破相比 ,等离子体岩石爆破具有不产生粉尘、无炮烟、无有毒气体、无抛掷、低噪音等特点。     

岩石爆破损伤断裂的细观机理

基于现有岩石爆破机理和岩石细观损伤力学 ,认为岩石爆破损伤断裂过程包含有爆炸应力波的初期动态损伤演化阶段和后期爆生气体作用下的准静态损伤演化阶段 ,并分别建立了这两个阶段的损伤模型和断裂准则 ,阐述了岩石爆破损伤断裂的细观理论。     

岩心孔隙介质中流体的核磁共振弛豫

弛豫时间是核磁共振研究中的一个重要参数,岩心孔隙介质流体的弛豫过程是自由流体弛豫机制、表面弛豫机制和流体的扩散弛豫机制共同作用的结果,它包含了丰富的孔隙和流体本身的信息. 弛豫时间和自扩散系数的测量及对弛豫时间的分析是核磁共振技术应用于岩心分析和石油勘测的重要内容.     

Method to calculate fatigue fracture life of control fissure in perilous rock

Rupture and safety of perilous rock are dominated by control fissure behind perilous rock block. Based on model-Ⅰand model-Ⅱstress strength factors of control fissure under acting of weight of perilous rock, water pressure in control fissure and earthquake forces, method to calculate critical linking length of control fissure is established. Take water pressure in control fissure as a variable periodic load, and abide by P-M criterion, when control fissure is filled with water, establish the method to calculate fatigue fracture life of control fissure in critical status by contributing value of stress strength factor stemming from water pressure of control fissure in Paris's fatigue equation. Further, parameters (C and m) of sandstone with quartz and feldspar in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir of China are obtained by fatigue fracture testing.     

Rock hyraces: a cause of San rock art deterioration?

San rock art sites are found throughout southern Africa, many showing signs of deterioration. In order to conserve this invaluable heritage, a long‐term multidisciplinary project has been launched to monitor the rate of their deterioration and determine the various chemical processes that are possibly contributing to the decay. This study was initiated to establish if Raman spectroscopy could contribute to this project and since rock hyrax colonies live in close proximity to many of these archaeological sites, the possible influence of their metabolic products on the deterioration process was investigated. The precipitates from the urine of rock hyraces were analysed with Raman and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Where the urine was in contact with the faeces, the precipitates are a mixture of vaterite (a rare polymorph of CaCO₃) and the hydrated salt calcium monohydrocalcite (also rarely found in nature). On areas where this contact is at a minimum the common and stable polymorph of CaCO₃, calcite, is the main component. SEM micrographs and XRD analysis support the Raman and FTIR results. XRD, FTIR and preliminary GC‐MS analyses of hyraceum, the fossilised mixture of faeces and urine, identified an inorganic phase (potassium chloride, with small concentrations of other salts, e.g. vaterite and weddelite) and an organic phase, which is a cocktail of various aromatic compounds, mainly amides, alcohols and acids. These compounds could contribute to the crystallisation of these rare carbonates, as well as other uncommon salts detected on the cave walls, such as syngenite. The presence of phosphates in the urine may further act as a stabilizing agent. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

原子光谱和X射线衍射研究禄丰恐龙化石与围岩特征

迄今为止,禄丰老长箐是世界挖掘恐龙化石较多、涵盖时间最长(含有早、中两个侏罗纪的化石)的地区。老长箐恐龙化石的发掘,为古生物研究提供了得天独厚的实验基地。文章首次对该地区3个不同层位的恐龙化石及其围岩的成分和结构做了初步分析。首先采用原子发射光谱分析,发现化石及土样中的含钙量均较高(＞5%);但硅元素的含量则差别较大,在化石中的含硅量较低(3%～8%),围岩中的含硅量较高(＞10%);化石中的含磷量也较高。X射线能谱的进一步分析发现,化石中的主要化学成分是CaCO₃(66%), 其次是SiO₂(17%);围岩中的主要成分是SiO₂(＞80%),其次是CaCO₃(12%)。此外还发现,化石和围岩的最大区别是,化石中含有氟磷酸钙,而围岩中没有该成分。这一点可以作为鉴别伪化石的一个重要特征。文章为化石的鉴别、为人类研究禄丰老长箐恐龙的生态和演化提供了一定的实验依据。     

高压水射流作用下岩石破碎机理及过程的数值模拟研究

根据连续介质力学和有限元理论,给出了高压水射流破岩系统中流体和岩石的控制方程,并建立了相应的有限元列式．运用连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学理论,建立了适用于水射流破岩全过程分析的岩石损伤模型以及宏细观损伤的耦合模式．数值计算的结果较真实地反映了水射流破岩过程中,岩石的动态响应以及水射流动力学特性的演化过程,普通连续水射流破碎岩石主体所用的时间为毫秒量级,破岩的主要形式是卸载及射流冲击所产生的拉伸破坏,并呈“阶跃式”发展．数值计算与相关试验结果基本吻合,表明该分析方法是可行的,可用来指导高压水射流破岩理论的进一步研究及应用．