圆偏振飞秒激光脉冲与低压氙气体靶相互作用软X射线辐射实验研究

利用平场光栅谱仪,分别在2和3 kPa的低气压下,测量了脉宽35 fs的圆偏振超强超短激光脉冲与5 mm长氙气体靶相互作用产生的波长在5～60 nm范围内的离子谱线。2 kPa时最强的跃迁为XeⅧ：4d105s(2S_1/2)—4d95s5p(2P_3/2)的17.085 6 nm线,3 kPa时最强的跃迁为11.343 nm的XeⅦ 4d105s2(1S0)—4d95s25f(3P₁)跃迁。两种气压下,Xe均被电离到XeⅦ,XeⅧ,XeⅨ态。     

数字散斑相关方法及其在碳纤维复合材料压力容器变形测量中的应用

提出了一种新的基于图像灰度梯度迭代的数字散斑相关方法(DSCM,digital speckle correlation method)。通过使用DSCM测量碳纤维复合材料压力容器在水压下的局部区域的位移场和应变场,分析了复合材料压力容器的轴向和环向的变形特征,为碳纤维复合材料压力容器的优化设计提供了理论和实验依据。     

高压烧结制备Tb掺杂n型(Bi1–xTbx)2(Te0.9Se0.1)3合金及其微结构和热电性能

采用高压烧结技术制备了稀土元素Tb掺杂的n型Bi2Te2.7Se0.3基纳米晶块体热电材料.将高压烧结成型的样品于633 K真空退火36 h.研究了Tb掺杂量对样品的晶体结构和热电性能的影响.结果表明,高压烧结制备的样品为纳米结构, Tb掺杂使样品的晶胞体积变大,功率因子增大,热导率降低,从而使ZT值提高.Tb掺杂量为x=0.004是最优的掺杂量,该掺杂量的高压烧结样品经退火处理后,于373 K时ZT值达到最大为0.99,并且在323-473 K范围内, ZT值均大于0.8,这对用于温差发电领域具有重要意义.     

介质材料二次电子发射特性对微波击穿的影响

以介质填充的平行板放电结构为例,本文主要研究了介质填充后微波低气压放电和微放电的物理过程.为了探究介质材料特性对微波低气压放电和微放电阈值的影响,本文采用自主研发的二次电子发射特性测量装置,测量了7种常见介质材料的二次电子发射系数和二次电子能谱.依据二次电子发射过程中介质表面正带电的稳定条件,计算了介质材料稳态表面电位与二次电子发射系数以及能谱参数的关系.在放电结构中引入与表面电位相应的等效直流电场后,依据电子扩散模型和微放电中电子谐振条件,分别探讨了介质表面稳态表面电位的大小对微波低气压放电和微放电阈值的影响.结果表明,介质材料的二次电子发射系数以及能谱参数越大,介质材料的稳态表面电位也越大,对应的微波低气压放电和微放电阈值也越大.所得结论对于填充介质的选择有一定的理论指导价值.     

螺栓松动边界下纤维增强复合薄板的振动测试方法

提出了基于预埋压力传感器的量化测试方法,研究了螺栓松动边界对纤维增强复合薄板振动特性的影响。首先,自主设计并开发了带有预埋压力传感器的螺栓松动边界下复合薄板的振动测试系统,并详细介绍了系统各个部件的组成和功能;然后,归纳出一套合理、规范的松动边界下复合薄板的振动测试流程,并对HF10碳纤维/树脂复合薄板进行了实际测试。结果表明:随着螺栓松动程度的不断增加,复合薄板的固有频率逐渐降低,模态振型的节线位置也发生了不同程度的变化,但其阻尼结果呈现先增大后减小的趋势;而共振和非共振响应呈现先减小后增大的趋势。     

An Insight into the Diffusion of Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Resin into Expanded Graphite (EG) to Improve the Mechanical Properties of the UP/EG Composites

Abstract

Polymer/expanded graphite (EG) nanocomposites have great importance in many industrial applications mainly due to their high electrical/thermal conductivity or flame retardancy. However, to fully employ the benefits of polymer/EG nanocomposites one must consider the high degree of porosity of EG. The high degree of porosity of EG can deteriorate the composites’ mechanical properties if the polymer chains cannot diffuse completely into the EG pores. In this article, an insight is given into the diffusion of unsaturated isophthalic polyester (UP) resin, consisting of a combination of maleic anhydride and isophthalic anhydride in the resin backbone, with two viscosities, into the pores of the EG particles of various degrees of porosity. The diffusion experiments were carried out on compressed EG tablets with the same density but different porosity due to the different porosity of the EG particles. The results showed that the diffusion rate of the UP resin with higher viscosity slightly decreased when the EG porosity decreased but, in the opposite way, it strongly increased for the low viscosity UP resin. The EG nanocomposites samples were molded at varying pressures. The micrographs of the fractured surfaces of the EG nanocomposites showed that the EG pores were not filled with resin, thus the EG nanocomposites had residual pores. It was found that composites containing EGs with higher expansion ratio and larger particles and pores showed larger residual pores. Furthermore, the composites prepared with the more viscous UP resin showed more residual pores. By applying a pressure of 10?bar instead of 1?bar, a reduction of 7–20% in the residual pores of the nanocomposites was observed which led to improved mechanical properties by up to 20% in flexural strength for the EG with the highest expansion ratio.     

Comparison of two cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet configurations in argon

The present study compares the operation of two cold atmospheric plasma jet (CAPJ) configurations: needle-to-cylinder electrode configuration (CAPJ I) and single high-voltage cylinder electrode around the quartz tube (CAPJ II). The CAPJs were operated in argon flowing through a quartz capillary with 0.5-mm inner diameter into the ambient air, and the plasma was generated by sinusoidal kHz frequency AC power supplies. The main emphasis of the study was on the mechanism of the initiation of ionization waves for these two configurations. For both CAPJs, there appeared several ionization waves during one half-period of the applied voltage waveform, and the number of ionization waves increased at higher voltage amplitudes. However, we discovered marked differences in the initiation of the ionization waves for two different CAPJ configuration. The applied voltage controlled the initiation of consecutive ionization waves, which propagated from the grounded electrode towards the tube orifice in CAPJ I. In the case of CAPJ II, certain time had to pass for the initiation of a new ionization wave, and subsequent ionization waves within the same half-period started at the tube orifice. In addition to the differences in the initiation of the ionization waves, we observed that the CAPJ I was ignited and sustained at lower voltages, while CAPJ II produced a longer plasma jet. The observed advantages and deficiencies of investigated CAPJ configurations point out their potential in different applications.     

Changes of microflora in high pressure treated Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus)

ABSTRACT

This study was to investigate the piezotolerance and diversity indices of microflora of Indian white prawn (Fenneropenaeus indicus) after high pressure (HP)-treatment. Indian white prawns subjected to HP-treatments and its effect was studied up to species level and compared with unpressurized samples. The bacterium was identified by using bacterial identification schemes, biochemical tests and API kits (bioMérieux, Marcyl’Etoile, France). Diversity analysis was performed using PRIMER (Plymouth Routines in Multivariate Research) software v 5.2.2. The significant elimination of microflora was found to be proportional with the pressure level. In the case of spore formers, mere destruction was noticed after HP-treatment. Arthrobacter spp., Listeria grayi and Corynebacterium spp. were the most piezotolerant bacteria in HP-treated samples. Diversity indices revealed a significant reduction of microflora of Indian white prawn. The apparent reduction of microflora with pressure level was clearly evident from the diversity indices; moreover a diminished piezotolerance of Gram negative spoilage bacteria was also observed.     

Effects of pressure rise rate on laminar flame speed under normal and engine-relevant conditions

Laminar flame speed (LFS) is one of the most important physicochemical properties of a combustible mixture. At normal and elevated temperatures and pressures, LFS can be measured using propagating spherical flames in a closed chamber. LFS is also used in certain turbulent premixed flame modelling for combustion in spark ignition engines. Inside the closed chamber or engine, transient pressure rise occurs during the premixed flame propagation. The effects of pressure rise rate (PRR) on LFS are examined numerically in this study. One-dimensional simulations are conducted for spherical flame propagation in a closed chamber. Detailed chemistry and transport are considered. Different values of PRR at the same temperature and pressure are achieved through changing the spherical chamber size. It is found that the effect of PRR on LFS is negligible under the normal and engine-relevant conditions considered in this study. This observation is then explained through the comparison between the unsteady and convection terms in the energy equation for a premixed flame.     

Size reduction of “reformed casein micelles” by high-power ultrasound and high hydrostatic pressure

We investigated the effect of ultrasound (US) and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the size of reformed casein micelles (RMCs) obtained by titrating calcium and phosphorous solution into sodium caseinate solutions. Both US and HHP reduced the size of the RMCs. A decrease in size from ~200 nm to ~170 nm when US (20 kHz, 0.46 W/mL) was applied for 30 min; and down to ~85 nm when HHP was applied 500 MPa for 15 min. Electron microscopic analysis showed that the RMCs before and after US are similar to milk native casein micelles, and that HHP extensively disintegrated the RMCs. Small angle X-ray scattering and SDS-PAGE showed that the internal structure of the RMCs as well as the casein molecules are not affected by the US and HHP treatments.