全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4687篇 |
免费 | 878篇 |
国内免费 | 356篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5476篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 45篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 93篇 |
物理学 | 289篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 14篇 |
2022年 | 47篇 |
2021年 | 55篇 |
2020年 | 113篇 |
2019年 | 102篇 |
2018年 | 88篇 |
2017年 | 135篇 |
2016年 | 163篇 |
2015年 | 435篇 |
2014年 | 459篇 |
2013年 | 471篇 |
2012年 | 448篇 |
2011年 | 468篇 |
2010年 | 424篇 |
2009年 | 398篇 |
2008年 | 421篇 |
2007年 | 362篇 |
2006年 | 314篇 |
2005年 | 275篇 |
2004年 | 271篇 |
2003年 | 220篇 |
2002年 | 84篇 |
2001年 | 51篇 |
2000年 | 29篇 |
1999年 | 24篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 8篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有5921条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
171.
The heparin-loaded microcapsules were successfully prepared by layer-by-layer deposition of chitosan (CHI) and heparin (Hep). Film growth was confirmed by the reversal of ζ-potentials during polysaccharide deposition. Both scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscope evidenced the integrity of (CHI/Hep)5 capsules after the removal of cores. By assembling the carriers with chitosan that are inherently degradable, the capsules were engineered to degrade specifically in the presence of lysozyme. It was demonstrated that the loaded heparin was released from the capsules over a long period of time when being incubated in lysozyme solution. With these results, such CHI/Hep capsules may have a great potential as controlled release carrier for heparin. 相似文献
172.
The detection of layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly multilayer films was carried out using low‐temperature plasma (LTP) mass spectrometry (MS) under ambient conditions. These multilayer films have been prepared on quartz plates through the alternate assembling of oppositely charged 4‐aminothiophenol (4‐ATP) capped Au particles and thioglycolic acid (TGA) capped Ag particles. An LTP probe was used for direct desorption and ionization of chemical components on the films. Without the complicated sample preparation, the structure information of 4‐ATP and TGA on films was studied by LTP‐MS. Characteristic ions of 4‐ATP (M) and TGA (F), including [M]+?, [M‐NH2]+, [M‐HCN‐H]+, and [F + H]+, [F‐H]+, [F‐OH]+, [F‐COOH]+ were recorded by LTP‐MS on the films. However, [M‐CS‐H]+ and [F‐SH]+ could not be observed on the film, which were detected in the neat sample. In addition, the semi‐quantitative analysis of chemical components on monolayer film was carried out, and the amounts of 4‐ATP and TGA on monolayer surface were 45 ng/mm2 and 54 ng/mm2, respectively. This resulted the ionization efficiencies of 72% for 4‐ATP and 54% for TGA. In order to evaluate the reliability of present LTP‐MS, the correlations between this approach and some traditional methods, such as UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were studied, which resulted the correlation coefficients of higher than 0.9776. The results indicated that this technique can be used for analyzing the films without any pretreatment, which possesses great potential in the studies of self‐assembly multilayer films. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
Wanhua Lei Dr. Guoyu Jiang Dr. Qianxiong Zhou Dr. Yuanjun Hou Prof. Baowen Zhang Prof. Xuexin Cheng Prof. Xuesong Wang 《Chemphyschem》2013,14(5):1003-1008
Nanoscaled coordination polymers based on biologically prevalent ions have potential applications in drug delivery and biomedical imaging. Herein, coordination polymer nanoparticles of anionic porphyrins, including meso‐tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐porphyrin (H2TCPP4?) and meso‐tetra(4‐sulfonatophenyl)‐porphyrin (H2TPPS4?), and alkaline or alkaline earth metal cations, such as K+ and Ca2+, were constructed in aqueous solution in the presence of cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) or cucurbit[8]uril (CB8). UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to explore the assembly and particle formation of porphyrin anions and metal cations mediated by CBn. The particle size depends on the kinds of CBn and metal cations and their concentrations. The uptake of H2TPPS4? particles by tumor cells (A549 cells) was found to be more efficient than H2TPPS4? at 37 °C, showing the application potential of such assembled particles in biology and medicine. 相似文献
180.
Peter C. Griffiths Nicolo Mauro Damien M. Murphy Emma Carter Simon C. W. Richardson Paul Dyer Paolo Ferruti 《Macromolecular bioscience》2013,13(5):641-649
A series of nanoparticles is prepared via layer‐by‐layer assembly of oppositely charged, synthetic biocompatible polyamidoamine polymers as potential carriers. Particle size, surface charge and internal chain mobility are quantified as a function of the polymer type and number of layers. The effect of addition of surfactant is examined to simulate the effects of nanoparticle dissolution. The cyctotoxicity of these particles (in epithelia and murine cell lines) are orders of magnitude lower than polyethyleneimine controls. Stable nanoparticles may be prepared from mixtures of strongly, oppositely charged polymers, but less successfully from weakly charged polymers, and, given their acceptable toxicity characteristics, such modularly designed constructs show promise for drug and gene delivery.