环番作为人工受体和人工酶的研究进展

本文综述了水溶液和有机溶液中环番作为人工受体包结有机分子的行为,重点综述了功能化环番作为人工酶的研究进展。     

FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF WAVE MOTION

The transmitting boundary condition is written in a compact form, which can be direct-ly incorporated into finite elements. Basic characteristics of discretization are analyzed throughstudies on wave motion in a one-dimensional discrete model and their differences from those in thecorresponding continuum. Tbe analysis leads to identifying a frequency band within which thesimulation is possible, and to a suggestion of using the lumped-mass finite element model forthe simulation. Mechanism of the oscillation instability is then illuminated in the frequencydomain by amplification at the artificial boundary and multi-reflection of wave motion in afinite discrete model. Based on understanding of the mechanism, a modified transmittingboundary condition is devised for eliminating the instability. The special stability criterion forthe modified boundary is finally presented for the one-dimensional model.     

人工神经网络法预测二维色谱柱效

 采用基于变步长BP算法的人工神经网络,对高效微 填充柱-毛细管柱构成的二维柱色谱系统建立了柱效与影响因素的权接拓扑模型, 并用于不同操作条件下二维柱系统的柱效预测中,取得了较好的效果。     

Development of Enzyme Biosensor Based on ISFETs for Quantitative Analysis of Serine Proteinases

A new potentiometric biosensor allowing quantitative determination of the proteinases through their esterase activity has been developed. The biosensor, specific for ester artificial substrates of serine proteinases has been fabricated using a pH‐sensitive field effect transistor (pH‐FET) and an immobilized complex of trypsin and α₂‐macroglobulin. It has been shown that created biosensor is able to determine the activity of the soluble trypsin in the range of 0.1–30 U/mL (substrate BAEE). The relative standard deviation for the trypsin determination was approximately 3%. The operation stability of the biosensor was no less than 12 h (40 measurements). The response of the biosensor stored at +4 °C was stable for 30 days.     

Preparation and in vitro characteristics of a blood substitute based on pyridoxylated polyhemoglobin

Stroma-free hemoglobin (SFHb) is prepared from outdated blood. Red cells are washed, lysed in hypotonic phosphate buffer, and stromal lipid is then removed by toluene extraction and high-speed centrifugation. Pyridoxal-phosphate (PP) added in a 4∶1 molar ratio to deoxygenated SFHb, is covelently linked across the polyphosphate binding site of the Hb tetramer by reduction with NaBH₄ under N₂ for 18 h. Excess reagents are removed by dialysis. Subsequent crosslinking using 5.0% glutaraldehyde in the presence of lysine for 12–36 h yields soluble, macromolecular polyhemoglobin (PolyHb). Progress of the reaction is monitored by gel chromatography. In vitro work shows that different molecular weight (MW) PolyHb can be produced, ranging in weight from 130,000 to over 1,000,000. Intermediate MW PolyHb (<600,000) remains stable for months at 4°C, withstands prolonged incubation at 37°C, and has a viscosity similar to blood. SFHb has a lowP ₅₀=15 torr, which has been raised to 26 torr by pyridoxylation. When PP-SFHb is crosslinked into PP-PolyHb, it can reversibly carry oxygen with a lower affinity (P ₅₀=16 torr) than nonpyridoxylated PolyHb (P ₅₀=11 torr). These favorable physicochemical properties of PP-PolyHb suggest that further progress toward a potential artificial blood substitute has been made.     

多功能基化合物质谱人工智能解释—氨基酸质谱人工智能解释研究

本文提出了多功能基化合物、蛋白质降解产物——氨基酸LR-EI谱人工智能(AI)解释程序(AIMS-MFC-AAC)。输出置信度达90%。文中指出了多功能基化合物质谱中同时存在“可加性”关系和“取代基效应”,及其对McLafferty重排的影响。     

A computer‐aided methodology for the optimization of electrostatic separation processes in recycling

The rapid growth of technological products has led to an increasing volume of waste electrical and electronic equipments (WEEE), which could represent a valuable source of critical raw materials. However, current mechanical separation processes for recycling are typically poorly operated, making it impossible to modify the process parameters as a function of the materials under treatment, thus resulting in untapped separation potentials. Corona electrostatic separation (CES) is one of the most popular processes for separating fine metal and nonmetal particles derived from WEEE. In order to optimize the process operating conditions (i.e., variables) for a given multi‐material mixture under treatment, several technological and economical criteria should be jointly considered. This translates into a complex optimization problem that can be hardly solved by a purely experimental approach. As a result, practitioners tend to assign process parameters by few experiments based on a small material sample and to keep these parameters fixed during the process life‐cycle. The use of computer experiments for parameter optimization is a mostly unexplored area in this field. In this work, a computer‐aided approach is proposed to the problem of optimizing the operational parameters in CES processes. Three metamodels, developed starting from a multi‐body simulation model of the process physics, are presented and compared by means of a numerical and simulation study. Our approach proves to be an effective framework to optimize the CES process performance. Furthermore, by comparing the predicted response surfaces of the metamodels, additional insight into the process behavior over the operating region is obtained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于小波神经网络方法的桥梁结构损伤识别研究

桥梁结构在服役期间会承受复杂的荷载,长期使用会不可避免地出现各种损伤.若这些损伤不能被及时发现和适当处理,将有可能造成严重的事故.因此,桥梁结构的局部小损伤识别对于其及时检修有重要意义.通常,损伤结构的全局动态特性测试可能对局部的结构损伤不敏感,特别是对小损伤,这就需要从结构动态响应信号中提取对损伤更敏感的特征量.建立了桥梁结构的有限元模型并进行动力特性分析;采用小波包分析方法处理结构动态响应信号以构造结构损伤指标,并结合结构损伤指标和人工神经网络方法进行桥梁结构的损伤定位.     

基于机器视觉技术的振动台试验变形位移测量方法研究

在振动台试验中,结构的变形位移是试验关注的重要数据之一。将机器视觉技术运用于振动台试验的变形位移测量上,是对传感器测量法的一个补充,从另外一种渠道力争为振动台试验提供更多的数据来源。该方法首先给定振动台一个激励信号,同时对固定在振动台台面上、粘贴有人工标志的弹性结构试件进行视频采集;然后将视频分帧成一系列静态图片,对静态图片进行图像灰度化、图像增强等图像预处理并对人工标志进行识别;接下来,在识别出所有人工标志的基础上采用最小二乘椭圆拟合法进行目标定位并进行像素标定。目标点的像素位移结合像素标定系数,最终完成变形位移的测量。最后通过振动台的固定位移试验和正弦信号激励试验证明了该方法在振动台试验中的可行性。