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991.
Dicheng Chen Zi Wang Prof. Di Guo Prof. Vladislav Orekhov Prof. Xiaobo Qu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(46):10391-10401
Since the concept of deep learning (DL) was formally proposed in 2006, it has had a major impact on academic research and industry. Nowadays, DL provides an unprecedented way to analyze and process data with demonstrated great results in computer vision, medical imaging, natural language processing, and so forth. Herein, applications of DL in NMR spectroscopy are summarized, and a perspective for DL as an entirely new approach that is likely to transform NMR spectroscopy into a much more efficient and powerful technique in chemistry and life sciences is outlined. 相似文献
992.
Ariel Fernández 《Annalen der Physik》2020,532(3):1900526
Molecular dynamics (MD) provide predictive understanding of the behavior of condensed matter. However, its true potential remains largely untested because relevant timescales are often inaccessible, limited portions of conformation space get sampled, and infrequent events are usually irreproducible. A culprit is the huge informational burden required to iterate integration steps. To address the problem, deep learning is applied to encode the dynamics into a shorthand embodiment retaining only essential topological features of the vector field that steers MD integration. The flow is simplified via an equivalence relation that identifies conformations within basins of attraction in potential energy and encodes the dynamics onto a modulo-basin “quotient space” where fast motions are averaged out. The quotient space projection enables coverage of realistic timescales while unraveling the underlying dynamic hierarchy. Deep learning is exploited to propagate the simplified trajectory beyond MD-accessible timescales and to reconstruct it at atomistic level. As shown, the quotient-encoding-propagating-decoding scheme generates within a few hours protein folding pathways with experimentally verified outcomes. By contrast, MD computations covering comparable timespans would take over a hundred days on special-purpose supercomputers. Thus, quotient space constitutes a model for hierarchical understanding of MD simulation while enabling access to realistic timescales. 相似文献
993.
Dr. Guo-Feng Luo Yonatan Biniuri Dr. Wei-Hai Chen Dr. Jianbang Wang Ehud Neumann Henri-Baptiste Marjault Prof. Rachel Nechushtai Dr. Martin Winkler Prof. Thomas Happe Prof. Itamar Willner 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,132(23):9248-9255
All-DNA scaffolds act as templates for the organization of photosystem I model systems. A series of DNA templates composed of ZnII-protoporphyrin IX (ZnIIPPIX)-functionalized G-quadruplex conjugated to the 3′- or 5′-end of the tyrosinamide (TA) aptamer and ZnIIPPIX/G-quadruplex linked to the 3′- and 5′-ends of the TA aptamer through a four-thymidine bridge. Effective photoinduced electron transfer (ET) from ZnIIPPIX/G-quadruplex to bipyridinium-functionalized tyrosinamide, TA-MV2+, bound to the TA aptamer units is demonstrated. The effectiveness of the primary ET quenching of ZnIIPPIX/G-quadruplex by TA-MV2+ controls the efficiency of the generation of TA-MV+.. The photosystem-controlled formation of TA-MV+. by the different photosystems dictates the secondary activation of the ET cascade corresponding to the ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR)-catalysed reduction of NADP+ to NADPH by TA-MV+., and the sequestered alcohol dehydrogenase catalysed reduction of acetophenone to 1-phenylethanol by NADPH. 相似文献
994.
995.
996.
Prof. Dr. Carmine Gaeta Dr. Carmen Talotta Dr. Margherita De Rosa Dr. Pellegrino La Manna Prof. Dr. Annunziata Soriente Prof. Dr. Placido Neri 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(19):4899-4913
The hexameric resorcinarene capsule reported by Atwood in 1997 is able to act as a supramolecular catalyst. Its inner cavity provides a unique environment, in which organic reactions can be efficiently catalyzed, thanks to the confinement effect of the substrates. In addition, different stereo- and regiochemical outcomes can be observed with respect to reactions in the bulk solvent. The hexameric capsule shows some catalytic features reminiscent of natural enzymes. In particular, highlights of the capsule discussed herein include 1) its ability to recognize the substrates (substrate selectivity), 2) the possibility of stabilizing the transition states and intermediates through secondary interactions, 3) an inherent Brønsted acidity, and 4) its ability to act as a hydrogen-bond catalyst. In addition, it is also shown how the catalytic activity of the hexameric capsule can be modulated in the presence of competitive alkylammonium guests, which show high affinities for its internal cavity. These aspects are discussed through a critical examination of data reported in the literature in recent years. 相似文献
997.
One of the most significant problems in economic domain is the dispose of human preference and choice forecasting. Recently, the economists have focused their researches to use the fuzzy concepts and the artificial learning procedures in the theory of economic choice. This paper extends the work done in this direction and offers a new algorithm for finding the matrix representation of the fuzzy binary relation which describes a preference relation. 相似文献
998.
Variable volume piezometer for measurement of volumetric properties of materials under high pressure
A piezometer was designed to measure volume change of foods and other biomaterials as a function of pressure, and calibrated and tested up to 700 MPa at 25°C. The sensor was constructed from a polycarbonate tube, sealed with a plug on one end and a removable piston on the other. Samples were placed inside the tube. Upon pressurization, the piston displaced inside the tube, transmitting pressure to the sample; impedance in a magnet wire coil on the outside of the tube was measured to characterize volume change. Sensor calibration with water yielded a polynomial that characterized volume as a function of impedance. Sensor precision is 0.3% of measured volume; its resolution allows measurement of sub-microliter volume changes. Testing with ethanol and sucrose solutions yielded data within 1% of previously reported values. The sensor's applications include measurement of volumetric properties of liquid and solid biomaterials, and chemical reaction volumes. 相似文献
999.
Dissipation matrix and artificial heat conduction for Godunov‐type schemes of compressible fluid flows
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This paper aims to reassess the Riemann solver for compressible fluid flows in Lagrangian frame from the viewpoint of modified equation approach and provides a theoretical insight into dissipation mechanism. It is observed that numerical dissipation vanishes uniformly for the Godunov‐type schemes in the sense that associated dissipation matrix has zero determinant if an exact or approximate Riemann solver is used to construct numerical fluxes in the Lagrangian frame. This fact connects to some numerical defects such as the wall‐heating phenomenon and start‐up errors. To cure these numerical defects, a traditional numerical viscosity is added, as well as the artificial heat conduction is introduced via a simple passage of the Lax–Friedrichs type discretization of internal energy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
1000.
This paper proposed a modified artificial physics (AP) method to solve the autonomous navigation problem for mobile robots in complex environments. The basic AP method tends to cause oscillations in the presence of obstacles and in narrow passages, which can result in time consumption. To alleviate oscillation, we modified the AP method using the Levenbery-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. In the modified AP method, we altered the original directions of AP forces to the Newton direction, and adjust the parameter by the LM algorithm. A series of comparative experimental results show that the modified AP method can achieve smoother trajectories with less time consumption. This demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed approach. 相似文献