Propagation characteristics of flattened Gaussian beams through a misaligned optical system with a misaligned annular aperture

The approximate analytical formula for flattened Gaussian beams through a misaligned optical system with a misaligned annular aperture was derived by the extended Huygens–Fresnel principle. Some numerical simulations are illustrated to the effects on the propagation of flattened Gaussian beams by the misaligned annular aperture. To compare the difference between annular apertured system and circular apertured system, the circular apertured system is also studied. The results show that angle misalignments and lateral displacements of aperture create asymmetrical average intensity distribution at receiving plane z = 500. The effects on intensity distribution by angle misalignments of annular aperture were small. In annular aperture case, the smooth of intensity distribution was worse with escalating obscure ratio ? in near-field; the side-lobes increased and the central lobe decreased with escalating obscure ratio ? in far-field. At receiving plane z = 500: for circular aperture, the side-lobes decreased, even to be neglected, with the increasing of truncation parameter δ; for annular aperture, the side-lobes increased with the increasing of truncation parameter δ. In addition, it is found that the aligned thin lens can fix asymmetry of intensity distribution which was caused by the misaligned annular aperture.     

环形定子的激光致表面波机理及可视化探测研究

开展了用于新型激光驱动马达的环形定子的激光致表面波机理及实验研究. 提出一种带有凹槽阵列结构的环形定子新设计, 建立了激光在环形定子表面激发表面波的物理模型, 揭示了影响表面波幅值的关键因素; 采用一种新颖的激光致表面波可视化探测方法, 在波长1053 nm, 脉宽30 ns, 单脉冲能量1 mJ的激光激发下, 对表面波在铜质环形定子表面的传播特性进行了可视化探测实验. 理论与实验研究表明: 当激发光斑的位置紧邻凹槽阵列时, 沿着圆环向凹槽方向传播的表面波会被齿状凹槽阵列迅速衰减和吸收, 而沿着圆环向远离凹槽方向传播的表面波能够持续传递, 从而首次实现了激光致表面波在环形定子上的单向传播; 而对没有凹槽阵列结构的圆环进行的对比实验表明, 激光致表面波在圆环表面双向传播, 最终因相互混叠和串扰等而处于混乱状态. 由激光在该种环形定子表面激发出的单向表面波, 可望在光致表面波马达及驱动机构中获得应用. 关键词： 激光致表面波 环形定子 表面波可视化 激光驱动     

大型环抛面形实时监测与控制

为解决大型激光驱动器建设中的关键工艺大型精密环形抛光技术一直存在着的控制困难、精度收敛不稳定的难题,分析了环形抛光加工中面形调整控制机理和本质,找到了传统调节控制和判断方法中的缺陷,提出了一种对环抛机面形变化基本实时的离线监测方法。这种监测方法具有结构简单、检测判断时间短和面形变化反应直观的优点。通过建立实验监测装置和实际加工验证,获得了较好的面形趋势判断和实时控制效果。     

大口径反射元件环形抛光工艺

根据环形抛光的加工特点,研究了大口径反射元件的环形抛光加工工艺。在4 m环抛机上进行了610 mm440 mm85 mm的大口径反射元件加工工艺实验,研究了修正盘及工件盘转速与元件面形的关系、修正盘及工件盘位置与元件面形的关系、沥青盘槽形与元件面形的关系。研究结果表明,通过对修正盘及工件盘转速、修正盘及工件盘位置、沥青盘槽形等工艺参数的优化控制,能够得到大口径反射元件面形的高效收敛,元件最高面形精度优于/6(=632.8 nm),验证了加工工艺的有效性。     

一种用于大气探测的紫外成像仪光学系统设计

提出了一种将全景成像系统应用到大气临边探测的光学系统设计方案。首先考虑到特殊的工作波段以及创新性应用,根据应用技术指标,在传统全景环形透镜的基础上,结合探测器尺寸限制,精细调整四个球面的曲率半径,以便得到最佳光学传递函数。然后基于像差理论设计中继镜组系统,补偿全景环形透镜产生的像差,采用折射率n以及阿贝常数ν不同的双分离的正负透镜组合,负透镜采用熔石英,正透镜采用氟化钙,从而使色差最小。最后运用CODE-V光学设计软件对系统进行优化,列出重要的公差参数,为后续加工装调提出要求。优化结果表明,光学系统在各个视场的光学传递函数均达到了0.7以上,各视场能量集中度为80%的弥散圆直径均小于11 μm,完全满足设计指标要求,也证明了将全景环形成像系统应用到紫外波段大气临边探测的方案是可行的。     

环形子孔径拼接检测中机械误差的分离

为减少环形子孔径拼接干涉检测中机械误差对检测结果造成的影响,分析环形子孔径拼接过程中机械误差作用分量的表现形式,提出了分离机械误差的全局优化的环形子孔径拼接方法。分析根据波像差理论建立的机械误差分离数学模型,然后将其应用于避免误差传递和累积的全局优化的拼接方法中,并提出利用光线追迹的方法在拼接之前除去理想非球面波前与参考球面波前的差别。应用分离机械误差的拼接方法对口径为75mm、顶点曲率半径为100 mm的抛物面面形进行检测,得到的面形峰谷值误差为0.05,均方根值误差为0.003,验证了该拼接方法可有效分离环形子孔径拼接中的机械误差。     

Exact Vibration Solutions of Nonhomogeneous Circular,Annular and Sector Membranes

In this paper, exact vibration frequencies of circular, annular and sector membranes with a radial power law density are presented for the first time. It is found that in general, the sequence of modes may not correspond to increasing azimuthal mode number $n$. The normalized frequency increases with the absolute value of the power index $|ν|$. For a circular membrane, the fundamental frequency occurs at $n = 0$ where $n$ is the number of nodal diameters. For an annular membrane, the frequency increases with respect to the inner radius $b$. When $b$ is close to one, the width $1 − b$ is the dominant factor and the differences in frequencies are small. For a sector membrane, $n − 1$ is the number of internal radial nodes and the fundamental frequency occurs at $n = 1$. Increased opening angle $β$ increases the frequency.     

Annular Multi‐Shelled Spherulites in Interiors of Bulk‐Form Poly(nonamethylene terephthalate)

Morphology of crystallized spherulites in poly(nonamethylene terephthalate) (PNT) in bulk forms, instead of thin‐film forms, was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized‐optical microscopy (POM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Ring textures were found to exist on the fractured surfaces or microtomed films from bulk PNT samples. By further SEM and TEM examinations, the fracture surfaces and microtomed films from the interior of the bulk display similar ring‐banded patterns as those in thin films cast on glass slides. Although the cast PNT thin films in two‐dimensional growth are known to display both Type‐1 ring bands as majority and Type‐2 ring bands as minority, this study further shows that the interior of PNT bulk exhibits mainly Type‐1 (single rings with narrower spacing than Type‐2) ring bands, and Type‐2 spherulites exist sporadically in three‐dimensional forms. From these analyses on the ring bands in the interiors of bulk‐form PNT crystallized at several specific temperatures, it can be proposed that the growth of spherulites in three dimensions is layer‐by‐layer, packing into a multi‐shells structure in three‐dimensional ring‐banded spheres.

     

使用环形子孔径拼接检测大口径非球面镜

针对高精度大口径非球面镜通常存在定量检验方法(补偿器法、全息法、自准直法)所需要的辅助元件制造困难、成本高这两个主要难点,利用不同曲率半径的参考球面波前来匹配被测非球面表面不同的环带区域,使它们之间的偏离量减小到在小口径干涉仪的测量范围内,每次测量仅是被测表面的一部分,通过算法"拼接"可得到全孔径的面形信息。给出了其拼接数学模型、参量求解方法及其精度评定判据。仿真分析表明,该技术是切实可行的,算法具有较高的拼接精度。该方法无需辅助光学元件就可实现对大口径、大相对口径非球面的直接测量,且具有很宽的适用范围。     

光束变换环形孔径有源激光谐振腔模式的数值模拟

建立了燃烧驱动环柱型高能化学激光器环形增益介质的五种分布模型,使用差分和积分相结合的方法计算了束变换环孔腔在不同增益分布和折射率分布时的模式特征,研究了增益分布和折射率分布对束变换环孔腔输出性能的影响,结果表明束变换环孔腔在不同的增益介质及折射率分布情况下,仍然可以保持良好的输出光束质量,很高的提取效率,在化学激光器增益流存在激波扰动的情况下,输出光场的施特雷尔比仍达到0．8991,同时腔镜上光强分布较为均匀,可以避免镜面因热应力分布不均匀而造成镜面变形和破坏。该腔不但适用于高能化学激光器,也可以用于高能固体激光器,起到克服固体增益介质热畸变与热应力的作用,可获得优良的输出光束质量。