The evaluation of solid phase micro-extraction fibre types for the analysis of organic components in unburned propellant powders

This work describes the evaluation of various solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) fibre types for the detection of compounds originating from particles of unburned propellant powders. These compounds may also be found in association with organic gunshot residues (OGSR). Seven SPME fibres were assessed based on their ability to extract the compounds of interest (diphenylamine (DPA), 4-nitrodiphenylamine (4-NDPA), ethyl centralite (EC), nitroglycerin (NG) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)) from four ammunition types across three calibres (9 mm, 5.56 mm and 7.62 mm). Extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results indicated that the 65 μm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) was the most suitable fibre type for the extraction of these compounds across the ammunition types tested. Optimal extraction time parameters were also assessed with a 35-min period determined to be suitable. A number of previously unreported considerations for extracting propellant powders and potentially OGSR related materials are discussed.     

Multicomponent membranes on solid substrates: Interfaces for protein binding

Even though lipid membranes deposited on a solid support are now used for more than 20 years as a model system for cellular membranes, their potential has, as yet, not been fully exploited. Only in recent years, the composition of solid supported membranes became more and more complex, which is a prerequisite for the elucidation of biologically relevant protein adsorption processes. Multicomponent bilayers resemble the heterogeneity of the biological membrane, which is composed of hundreds of different lipids varying in their headgroup and acyl chain composition. The development of a multitude of elaborated surface sensitive techniques allows to study the phase behavior of these membranes and their interaction with proteins, some of which will be highlighted in this review.     

Tuning of electron transport through molecular bridge systems: A study of shot noise

We study electron transport characteristics through a single phenalenyl molecule attached with two nonsuperconducting electrodes by the use of Green's function technique. Parametric calculations are given based on the tight‐binding model to characterize the electron transport through such molecular bridge system. It is observed that the electron transport properties are significantly influenced by (a) the interference effect and (b) the molecule‐to‐electrodes coupling strength. In this context we also describe the noise power of the current fluctuations that provides an important information about the electron correlation, which is obtained by calculating the Fano factor (F). The knowledge of this current fluctuations gives a key idea for fabrication of efficient molecular devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008     

光束分束比对2μm平衡式相干探测系统信噪比影响的实验研究

给出了平衡式相干探测系统的一般信噪比数学模型,对该数学模型和普通单源相干探测系统的信噪比模型进行了数值仿真对比研究.仿真结果表明,当平衡式相干探测系统中的光电探测器理想匹配时,其系统的信噪比以分束比系数等于0.5呈对称分布;而当光电探测器失配时,系统的最大信噪比所对应的最佳光束分束比发生偏离.最后搭建了2μm平衡式相干...     

Synthesis of nitrilotriacetic acid terminated tethers for the binding of His-tagged proteins to lipid bilayers and to gold

Nitrilotriacetic acid terminated tethers for trapping of His-tagged proteins have been synthesized and characterized. Compound 1, containing a lipophilic cholesterol anchor, hydrophilic oligoethoxy chain linker, and nitrilotriacetic acid terminus, can be used for attaching His-tagged proteins to phospholipid bilayers. Compound 2, containing a gold binding thioacetate anchor, hydrophilic oligoethoxy chain, and nitrilotriacetic acid terminus, can be used to tether His-tagged proteins to a gold surface.     

全长注浆锚杆锚固段剪应力分布特征试验研究

通过WES-50B型万能材料试验机对分别模拟高、中、低三种强度围岩介质的锚杆模型进行了拉拔试验。结果表明,锚杆锚固段的轴应变及第一、第二交界面的粘结应力分布按照负指数规律衰减。根据模型试验所得锚杆体轴应变试验结果,在一定简化假设的基础上,推导了以锚杆为代表的锚固结构轴力及第一、第二界面剪应力分布公式,分析了锚固结构在均匀介质中内锚固段应力、轴力及交界面的剪应力传递、衰减规律,探讨了拉拔力及介质强度对锚固段剪应力的影响。本文的研究为通过模型试验分析以锚杆为代表的锚固结构第一、第二界面剪应力分布提供了参考。     

鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度研究

鱼雷锚安装简单、快速,是一种在海洋工程中具有良好应用前景的锚固结构,其在钙质砂床的贯入深度关乎其系泊结构物的稳定性和抗风浪能力。基于耦合的SPH (光滑粒子流体动力学法)和FEM (有限元法)算法,针对Richardson(2008)研究的鱼雷锚建立了有限元模型,在Abaqus平台上,数值模拟了该鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度,并模拟了不同的贯入速度、锚重量和锚-土界面间的摩擦系数等对鱼雷锚贯入深度的影响。通过对比数值模拟结果与Richardson(2008)提供的实验结果可知,耦合的SPH-FEM算法可以快速准确地模拟鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度。此外,由参数化研究可知,鱼雷锚的锚重、贯入速度和锚-土间摩擦系数对鱼雷锚的贯入深度影响显著。特别地,当贯入速度大于某一临界值时,贯入深度基本上与贯入速度成正比。最后,基于Richardson实验数据和本次数值模拟获得的65组数据,从能量法的角度提出了鱼雷锚在钙质砂床中贯入深度的预测公式,为动力锚的设计和应用提供理论支撑。此外,经初步验证,该公式也可用于预测DPAⅢ动力贯入锚在钙质砂床中的贯入深度。     

MEMS环形谐振器椭圆模态中的锚损分析（英）

环形谐振器是微机电系统（MEMS）谐振器中典型结构之一。其中,椭圆模态是环形谐振器面内振动的一阶模态,也是使用最为普遍的模态。以降低谐振器振荡时的锚损为目标,以有限元分析为技术手段,采用能量法对环形谐振器锚点的几何尺寸进行定量分析。分析结果表明,与研究者普遍认为的观点相反,谐振器锚点振荡模态的激发并不有助于提高谐振器的Q值。     

实际大气中闪烁指数测量的数据处理

在闪烁指数定义的基础上,综合考虑背景光噪声、探测器固有噪声和散粒噪声等影响闪烁指数测量精确度的因素,修改了测量系统的数学模型,并对现有数据处理方法做出改进。在1 km距离上进行了激光水平传输实验,分别采用了现有方法和改进方法处理实验数据,并对获取的3种闪烁指数进行了比较。实验结果显示：修改后数学模型相比现有模型更符合实测值;相比系统本底噪声,探测器散粒噪声要高出一个数量级,将会严重影响测量准确度;在信噪比有较大波动的条件下,改进方法受到的影响小于现有方法;在信噪比较低时,改进方法的准确度优于现有方法。     

单发次皮秒脉冲对比度的三阶自相关法测试技术

为了测试单发次皮秒脉冲对比度,设计并研制了非共轴三阶自相关仪。三阶自相关仪参数优化设计中,在确保获得正确的相关耦合信号的前提下,充分利用KDP晶体的极化张量,寻找有效非线性系数相对较高的相位匹配点,在满足非共线相位匹配条件的同时兼顾群速匹配,为增大时间测试范围,选取较大的入射光夹角。采用分区测试和图形重构技术,增大对比度测试的动态范围,结果显示采用两个科学级CCD测试的脉冲对比度在105左右。