Evolution of disturbances in a laminarized supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing

Experimental data on stability of a three-dimensional supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing are presented. The experiments are performed on a swept wing model with a lenticular profile with a 40° sweep angle of the leading edge at a zero angle of attack. The supersonic boundary layer on the swept wing was laminarized with the use of distributed roughness. A pioneering study of interaction of traveling and stationary disturbances is performed. Some specific features of this interaction are identified. The main reason for turbulence emergence in a supersonic boundary layer on a swept wing is demonstrated to be secondary crossflow instability. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 40–46, March–April, 2008.     

60°三角翼前缘涡破裂及其控制实验研究

本文应用流动显示技术对矢量差动喷流情况下60°三角翼前缘涡破裂特性进行了实验研究,结果表明矢量差动喷流可以有效地控制前缘涡的破裂位置,且整个流场主要受喷流速度大的喷流的影响,该侧前缘涡的破裂位置随喷流速度的增大向下游发展,而另一侧前缘涡的破裂则提前发生;另外,在喷流速度差一定的情况下,喷流速度越小,对前缘涡的控制作用越明显．     

Mechanical behaviors and damage constitutive model of ceramics under shock compression

One-stage light gas gun was utilized to study the dynamic mechanical properties of AD90 alumina subjected to the shock loading. Manganin gauges were adopted to obtain the stress-time histories. The velocity interferometer system for any reflector （VISAR） was used to obtain the free surface velocity profile and determine the Hugoniot elastic limit. The Hugoniot curves were fitted with the experimental data. From Hugoniot curves the compressive behaviors of AD90 alumina were found to change typically from elastic to ＂plastic＂. The dynamic mechanical behaviors for alumina under impact loadings were analyzed by using the path line principle of Lagrange analysis, including the nonlinear characteristics, the strain rate dependence, the dispersion and declination of shock wave in the material. A damage model applicable to ceramics subjected to dynamic compressive loading has been developed. The model was based on the damage micromechanics and wing crack nucleation and growth. The effects of parameters of both the micro-cracks nucleation and the initial crack size on the dynamic fracture strength were discussed. The results of the dynamic damage evolution model were compared with the experimental results and a good agreement was found.     

飞机姿态测量误差对测量船校飞精度的影响

通过对校飞数据处理方法及实测数据的分析,阐述了飞机姿态测量误差对测量船校飞精度的影响,并针对校飞飞机的姿态测量提出了新的方法。     

Navier–Stokes computation of transonic vortices over a round leading edge delta wing

A 3D Navier–Stokes solver has been developed to simulate laminar compressible flow over quadrilateral wings. The finite volume technique is employed for spatial discretization with a novel variant for the viscous fluxes. An explicit three-stage Runge–Kutta scheme is used for time integration, taking local time steps according to the linear stability condition derived for application to the Navier–Stokes equations. The code is applied to compute primary and secondary separation vortices at transonic speeds over a 65° swept delta wing with round leading edges and cropped tips. The results are compared with experimental data and Euler solutions, and Reynolds number effects are investigated.     

Microstructures and Optical Properties of Scales of Butterfly Wings

This paper describes the mechanism generating the beautiful wing colors of various male butterflies and the relationship between the wing material and the color appearance. The microstructure of the scales covering the upper surface of the wings was analyzed with the aid of a scanning electron microscope. The basic mechanism of color generation of structurally colored scales is determined for the first time in accordance with the theory of optical interference in thin film layers using a model of wing scales. Optical properties were found in relation to the three-dimensional spectral reflectance of the samples, and differences were observed between the brightness perceived in subjective evaluations and calculated values based on the reflective spectra of the structurally colored wings. The results of this study suggest that the microroughness of the upper wing surface may influence the perceived gloss of structurally colored wings.     

Multichanneled hierarchical porous nanocomposite CuO/carbonized butterfly wing and its excellent catalytic performance for thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate

To meet the requirement of generating more apparent specific heat release at lower temperatures for ammonium perchlorate (AP)-based composite solid propellants, the development of high-performance catalysts for improving the thermal decomposition properties of AP still remains essential and challenging. Herein, a novel catalyst, multichanneled hierarchical porous nanocomposite of CuO and carbonized butterfly wing (CuO/CBW), has been prepared through an in-situ reaction on original butterfly wing scales. Owing to the high active surface area and the good electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as the synergistic effect of CuO nanoparticles (20–25 nm) and CBW, CuO/CBW nanocomposite exhibits excellent catalytic activity for AP thermal decomposition in reducing the high-temperature decomposition temperature by 88.3°C, lowering the apparent activation energy from 190.0 to 103.1 kJ mol⁻¹ and increasing the heat release from 255 to 1841 J g⁻¹.     

多种因素对三角翼俯仰/滚转运动特性影响的数值研究

耦合求解NS方程和刚体动力学方程数值模拟80°后掠三角翼强迫俯仰、自由滚转双自由度耦合运动特性,研究了转动惯量、轴承机构阻尼、翼面流态以及俯仰运动频率、振幅、平均俯仰角等因素对三角翼俯仰、滚转双自由度耦合运动特性的影响。结果表明:机翼的转动惯量和轴承的机械阻尼显著影响自由滚转的频率和振幅;在转动惯量、轴承摩擦和湍流等多种因素的共同影响下,三角翼的双自由度运动可能会形成台阶形式的振荡曲线;俯仰运动的振幅、频率以及平均俯仰角对强迫俯仰、自由滚转双自由度耦合运动特性存在不同程度的影响。     

A computational study of the wing–wing and wing–body interactions of a model insect

The aerodynamic interaction between the contralateral wings and between the body and wings of a model insect are studied, by using the method of numerically solving the Navier-Stokes equations over moving overset grids, under typical hovering and forward flight conditions. Both the interaction between the contralateral wings and the interaction between the body and wings are very weak, e.g. at hovering, changes in aerodynamic forces of a wing due to the present of the other wing are less than 3% and changes in aerodynamic forces of the wings due to presence of the body are less than 2%. The reason for this is as following. During each down- or up-stroke, a wing produces a vortex ring, which induces a relatively large jet-like flow inside the ring but very small flow outside the ring. The vortex rings of the left and right wings are on the two sides of the body. Thus one wing is outside vortex ring of the other wing and the body is outside the vortex rings of the left and right wings, resulting in the weak interactions.