Two-beam interference detection of the changes in fibre structural parameters during low drawing process

A Pluta polarizing interference microscope with a fibre stretching device attached was used to detect the changes in molecular structure that occur during the fibre cold drawing process. Fibres drawn with low draw ratios show different types of deformation mechanisms. The interference patterns recorded at different draw ratios are used to relate the deformation mechanisms with the measured structural parameters. Some optical parameters are measured such as; refractive indices nand n birefringence n, the polarizability per unit volume , the orientation distribution function f(θ), the angle θ between the stretching direction and the chain axis, and the angle θ_m which the transition dipole moment of the molecular species makes with the molecular axis (chain axis). Three polymeric fibres (Polyethylene terephthalate PET, Polypropylene PP and Polyamide PA) were used in this study and their interferograms are illustrated.     

Research on the optical fiber gas flowmeters based on intermodal interference

In this work, a self-heating type optical fiber flowmeter with high sensitivity was proposed. The core-offset fiber structures were employed to couple a part of signal light into the fiber cladding layer, and the other part of light still propagated in the core layer. The intermodal interference between the two parts of light happened when the cladding modes were coupled back into core layer. Meanwhile, the high power laser was also introduced into fiber to heat the silver film coated on the surface of the cladding layer. When the cool gas flow passed, the temperature of the sensor probe decreased due to the heat transfer process. Because of the thermo-optic effect in the fiber, interference spectrum could be shifted when the temperature was changed. The experimental results showed the resolution of the proposed sensor was 2×10⁻² m/s in the region of 0–8 m/s. The highest sensitivity could achieve 1537 pm/(m/s).     

A modified sequential extraction method for arsenic fractionation in sediments

A modified sequential extraction method was developed to characterize arsenic (As) associated with different solid constituents in surficial deposits (sediments), which are unconsolidated glacial deposits overlying bedrock. Current sequential extraction methods produce a significant amount of unresolved As in the residual fraction, but our proposed scheme can fractionate >90% of the As present in sediments. Sediment samples containing different As concentrations (3–35 μg g⁻¹) were used to assess the developed method. The pooled amount of As recovered from all the fractions using the developed method was similar (83–122%) to the total As extracted by acid digestion. The concentrations of As in different fractions using the developed scheme were comparable (89–106%) to the As fractions obtained by other existing methods. The developed method was also evaluated for the sequential extraction of other metals such as copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr) and strontium (Sr) in the sediment samples. The pooled concentrations of these four individual metals from all the fractions were similar (96–104%) to their total concentrations extracted by acid digestion. During method development, we used extractants that did not contain chloride to eliminate formation of polyatomic ions of argon chloride (⁴⁰Ar³⁵Cl) that interfered with ⁷⁵As when analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results suggest that the developed method can reliably be employed for complete As and other metals’ fractionation in sediments using ICP-MS.     

基于第一性原理的无铅无机钙钛矿Cs3Bi2X9(X=Cl、Br、I)光电性能表面效应研究

用基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论方法,对Cs₃Bi₂X₉(X=Cl、Br、I)的光电特性进行理论计算,并系统阐述这3种晶体的表面效应对光电性能的影响。结果表明,3种材料的光学特性由铋原子和卤素原子最外层p轨道上的价电子主导。在可见光区中,材料的吸收峰会随卤素原子序数的增加呈现红移,其中一维结构的Cs₃Bi₂Cl₉表面结构在光吸收能力上尤为特别且敏感;二维结构的Cs₃Bi₂Br₉光吸收能力会受厚度影响;零维结构的Cs₃Bi₂I₉非常稳定,且几乎不受表面特性和晶体厚度的影响。