钝锥模型高焓流动的再压缩效应研究

在钝体高焓流动中,热化学非平衡效应使膨胀区壁面压力显著低于冻结流动,相关研究表明,再压缩效应可以消除上述差异. 为详细分析此问题,数值求解了Euler 方程,化学反应源项采用有限速率模型并考虑了5个组分,17 个基元反应. 结果表明,随着再压缩角的增大,热化学非平衡效应引起锥面压力先降后增非单调变化,这是由于再压缩流场中放热复合反应与吸热分解反应的强度变化决定的,其宏观表现为比热比的空间不均衡分布.      

System for measuring optical admittance of a thin film stack

A new method based on the polarization interferometer structure has been applied to measure the optical admittance, the refractive index and thickness of a thin film. The structure is a vibration insensitive optical system. There is one Twyman-Green interferometer part to induce a phase difference and one Fizeau interferometer part to induce the interference in the system. The intensities coming from four different polarizers were measured at the same time to prevent mechanical vibration influence. Using the polarization interferometer, the optical admittance, the refractive index and thickness of a single layer of Ta₂O₅ thin film has been measured. The measurement results were compared with the results obtained by ellipsometer. The results meet reasonable values in both refractive index and thickness.     

一种高效的叶轮机叶片气动阻尼计算方法

运用叠加原理, 发展了一种可以运用于小振幅运动的叶轮机叶片非定常气动力降阶模型, 并将该模型与传统的能量法相结合, 提出了一种叶轮机叶片气动阻尼的高效求解方法. 运用该方法求解叶轮机叶片的气动阻尼系数, 对某个频率、某个模态只需要进行一次非定常计算, 就可以求出所有叶间振动相角下的气动阻尼系数, 提高了气动阻尼的求解效率. 在STCF4和NASA Rotor67两个算例上运用非定常雷诺平均N-S(RANS)方程和提出的降阶模型进行了对比计算.算例表明, 在小振幅下该方法的计算结果与RANS方程计算得到的气动阻尼系数能很好地吻合, 而计算效率相比多通道非定常RANS方程计算提升了近一个数量级, 并且该方法还可以运用于有失谐情况的颤振分析, 在工程上有较高的应用价值.      

飞行器变后掠过程非定常气动特性形成机理

可变体飞行器变后掠过程中的时变气动力与力矩特性对于飞行安全具有重要意义,是亟待深入研究的基础问题.通过风洞实验对其开展了研究,揭示了可变体飞行器变后掠引起的气动特性动态迟滞现象及滞回环大小与方向的影响因素.基于风洞实验结果和力学中一些重要概念,提出了3种物理效应:流场迟滞效应、附加运动效应、固壁牵连效应,以此定性与定量论证了可变体飞行器变后掠过程中非定常气动特性的形成机理.除了能解释实验现象,这一机理研究亦可用于后续可变体飞行器变后掠过程中的气动特性建模.     

DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF LAG VIBRATION OF A WIND TURBINE BLADE

Lagwise dynamic characteristics of a wind turbine blade subjected to unsteady aero- dynamic loads are studied in this paper. The partial differential equations governing the coupled longitudinal-transverse vibration of the blade with large bending deflection are obtained by ap- plying Hamilton＇s principle. The modal problem of the coupled vibration is handled by using the method of numerical integration of Green＇s function. Influences of the rotating speed, the pitch angle, the setting angle, and the aerodynamic loads on natural frequencies are discussed. Results show that： （I） Lagwise natural frequencies ascend with the increase of rotating speed; effects of the rotating speed on low-frequencies are dramatic while these effects on high-frequencies become less. （2） Influences of the pitch angle on natural frequencies are little; in the range of the normal rotating speed, the first frequency ascends with the increase of the absolute value of the pitch angle, while it is contrary to the second and third frequencies. （3） Effects of the setting angle on natural frequencies depend on the rotating speed; influences are not significant at low speed, while they are dramatic on the first frequency at high speed. （4） Effects of the aerodynamic loads on natural frequencies are very little; frequencies derived from the model considering aerodynamic loads are smaller than those from the model neglecting aerodynamic loads; relative errors of the results corresponding to two models ascend with the increase of the absolute value of the setting angle.     

Modelling of inflow-conditions for vortex particle methods to simulate atmospheric turbulence and its induced aerodynamic admittance on line-like bluff bodies

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a novel method for the simulation of aerodynamic admittance of turbulent wind on bluff line-like structures using a pseudo 3D model of Vortex Particle Method (VPM). The method is a computationally efficient extension of the 2D VPM, where a coupled set of simulation slices accounts for the 3D nature of the oncoming wind flow. Pre-computed vortex particles are seeded in each of the parallel 2D simulation slices in order to model the turbulent velocity perturbations. Here, the modelling of the inflow seeding particles is enhanced, reducing the computational cost and allowing extendibility into quasi 3D domain. This a priori computation of the seeding vortex particles is based on modelling the atmospheric turbulence characteristics. The method is applied to simulate turbulent flow around an infinitesimally thin flat-plate, to asses its validity at the viscous-rotational boundary layer, which is important for accurate fluid-structure Interaction simulations. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis to different attributes is assessed     

无网格法在三维复杂超音速流场模拟中的应用研究

对最小二乘无网格方法在含复杂外形三维超音速流场中的应用进行了研究.选用分解法求解采用最小二乘法得到的对称方程组,针对最小二乘无网格方法的计算特点生成近似正交均匀分布的离散点,对B1AC2R常规导弹超音速流场采用最小二乘无网格方法进行了无粘数值模拟,计算了B1AC2R常规导弹在不同攻角下的轴向力、法向力及俯仰力矩系数,并将数值结果与实验结果进行了比较.结果表明,最小二乘无网格方法在求解含复杂外形超音速流场时具有较高的准确度,将其应用于三维含复杂外形超音速流场的模拟是完全可行的.     

再入过载的匹配渐进展开分析与卸载方法研究

探月飞船返回地球时将以第二宇宙速度再入地球大气层,面临极其严苛的气动环境,因此对于再入气动过载的分析具有重要意义.再入运动方程是一组非线性很强的常微分方程,数值方法计算量大,不适用于在线任务.因此,本文采用一种近似解法对气动过载进行分析.首先,基于匹配渐进展开方法将再入纵向运动解在大气外层区域与内层区域分别展开,得到统一形式的闭型近似解,在此基础上分段求解气动过载,并与精确解进行对比分析.其次,利用闭型近似解,通过当前状态反解虚拟初始条件,在此基础上提出初次过载峰值的解析预测方法,并分析了不同条件下预测的相对误差变化规律.最后,基于过载峰值的解析预测对飞船的初次再入过程进行卸载,将飞船在再入过程中耗散的总能量进行重新分配,并通过蒙特卡罗飞行仿真试验验证了卸载方法的有效性.     

一种新的振动叠加气动耦合加载技术

飞机机动飞行时,机体结构受到随机振动叠加气动的耦合载荷作用,有可能迅速产生破坏。为了考核在这种振动环境下飞机的结构强度及使用寿命能否达到设计要求,需要提供有效的地面试验验证手段和可靠的试验数据。本文研究了一种振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载技术,通过液压球头传递振动载荷,同时通过气囊施加气动载荷,并设计进行了原理性验证试验。试验结果表明,这种耦合载荷加载技术可以避免过多改变试件自身的振动特性,同时可精确实现振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载,真实模拟试验件的振动工作环境。此项技术可应用于现代战机的地面结构强度研究。     

高空高速飞行器气动特性研究

高空高速飞行中的黏性干扰效应、真实气体效应和稀薄气体效应成为决定未来空天飞行器能否实现安全飞行、精确控制和制导的重大基础科学问题, 必须发展相应的基础理论和研究方法.该文从计算方法、流动拓扑分析以及典型飞行器应用等方面介绍了作者所在研究团队近年来部分工作进展.