Study on the relation between urban planning and noise level

Different streets of a city of Spain were randomly selected and analyzed, extracting 135 different urban variables. The urban variables were compared with measured noise levels, and the possible significance in the relationships among them was analyzed. From the variables with a significant correlation, a multiple regression model for urban traffic noise was developed, which allows explaining 63% of the variability of urban noise. In this regression model, only eight of the initial urban variables were included.     

Predominant environmental noise classification over sound mixing based on source-specific dictionary

This paper presents a methodology to classify predominant urban acoustic sources in real mixed signals. This is based on a source-specific dictionary with atoms in the time–frequency domain using the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) algorithm and identifying the class through a proposed selection criterion with a dynamic number of iterations involving a lower algorithm complexity. Several time–frequency atoms were evaluated considering retained energy and relative error to build a source-specific dictionary in the relevant classes. The source-specific dictionary has better results up to 7% in retained energy than to use an individual dictionary such as based on wavelet or Gabor functions, improving classification of predominant sources over sound mixing up to 9% compared to using standard dictionaries. Experimental results on classification are applied to mixture inter-class signals of two or more sources recorded by a real permanent monitoring system in an urban soundscape. The classification performance has successfully achieved identifying a predominant source in real inter-class mixtures of urban soundscapes.     

Electrochemical Immunoassay of E. coli in Urban Sludge Using Electron Mediator-mediated Enzymatic Catalysis and Gold Nanoparticles for Signal Amplification

An electrochemical immunosensor was developed for sensitive assay of E. coli in urban sludge, in which electron mediator-mediated enzymatic catalysis and gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) were utilized for signal amplification. The immnuosensing platform chitosan-thionine(chit-thio)/poly(amidoamine) dendrimer-encapsulated AuNPs [PAMAM(Au)] composites were first prepared from chit-thio and PAMAM(Au) using the layer-by-layer method to provide a matrix for high-stability and high-bioactivity bindings of the capture antibody(_cAb). Moreover, the {_dAb-AuNPs-HRP} nanoprobes were designed to exploit the amplification effect of the carrier AuNPs due to the loading amounts of horseradish peroxidase(HRP) and the detection antibody(_dAb). The sandwich-type immunoassay was then successfully used to assay E. coli based on the oxidation of thionine as a result of H₂O₂-induced enzymatic catalytic reaction by HRP. This study presents a powerful tool in electrochemical immunoassay for E. coli detection with rapid response, high-sensitivity and high-specificity, providing a potential new tool for feasibility assessment of sludge recycle.     

甬台温地区海岸带土地开发利用强度变化研究

海岸带土地开发利用强度研究对更加理性化利用海岸带土地资源, 提高海岸带综合管理能力, 实现海岸带资源可持续发展意义重大. 以1990年、2000年、2010年3个时期TM影像为数据源, 提取不同时期的土地利用数据, 分析了甬台温地区海岸带利用强度变化特征. 结果表明: (1)1990~2010年甬台温地区海岸带主要土地利用类型为林地、耕地、建设用地, 三者面积之和在不同时期均占研究区总面积的80%以上. (2)1990~2010年甬台温地区海岸带林地、耕地面积表现出逐渐减少的趋势, 未利用地、建设用地、水域、养殖用地逐渐增加, 滩涂面积前期增加后期减少. (3)1990~2000年和2000~2010年2个时间段的土地利用单一动态度表现出较大差异, 土地利用综合动态度则表现为后10年为前10年的2.5倍. 2000~2010年土地利用变化更加剧烈, 而1990~2000年的土地利用空间差异较大. (4)杭州湾南岸岸区、椒江口岸区、瓯江口岸区和鳌江口岸区的土地利用程度总体较强. 20年间, 甬台温地区海岸带土地利用更加集约化, 土地利用程度增强趋势明显.     

基于可扩展多目标蚁群算法的土地利用优化配置

传统的土地利用优化配置模型无法灵活应对现实场景中多变的优化目标要求,也无法实现土地利用在空间布局上的优化.根据常见的优化目标进行抽象建模,建立了可扩展的多目标体系,并与蚁群算法有机结合,构建了基于可扩展多目标蚁群算法的土地利用优化配置模型,使土地利用配置在不同目标的指导下能够灵活优化,同时实现了土地利用配置在数量结构和空间布局优化上的统一,为土地利用规划提供了更具现实意义的参考方案.最后对该模型,以杭州市萧山区2015年土地利用格局为基础数据进行实例验证.结果表明:模型能够在多目标体系的指导下,合理配置研究区域的土地利用结构与布局,促进区域土地利用的可持续发展,并针对不同的多目标体系,给出具有不同侧重点的优化方案.     

基于GIS的海岸带土地开发利用强度评价——以杭州湾南岸为例

根据海岸带土地资源特征,利用GIS空间分析,结合多期土地利用数据与资源环境承载力、社会发展潜力数据进行海岸带土地利用适宜度及开发强度评价与分析,并以杭州湾南岸为例,对其2000~2005年与2005~2010年土地资源开发利用强度进行评价分析.结果表明:(1)研究区土地开发强度普遍较弱,但2005~2010年开发强度与2000~2005年的开发强度相比有所下降;(2)研究区土地开发利用平均强度具有较明显的空间分布特点,沿海至内陆呈U形趋势,且慈溪岸段较余姚、镇海岸段强;(3)开发强度较大区域土地利用变化类型主要为农用地转城乡建设用地、滩涂转城乡建设用地、浅海水域转滩涂等.     

SCS模型在不同土地类型地表产流计算中的应用——以余姚地区为例

产流量计算是进行城市防洪及水土保持效益评估的关键.结合余姚地区土壤资料及典型性降雨事件的观测数据,对降雨量、降雨初损值、最大潜在入渗量、产流量四者的关系进行了深入分析,基于土地利用功能建立了适用于平原水网地区的SCS(Soil Conservation Service)扩展模型,并在余姚地区开展了降雨地表产流验证.实验结果表明,基于SCS扩展模型的径流量计算值和实测值之间的绝对误差在0.14~1.36 mm,二者具有很好的一致性.     

乡镇级土地利用总体规划与城镇总体规划衔接的若干思考

讨论了土地利用总体规划和城镇总体规划在编制中存在的问题、两个规划衔接的主要内容,并提出了两个规划衔接的途径.