A Study of the Suitable Measurement Location and Metrics for Assessing the Vibration Source Strength Based on the Field-Testing Data of Nanchang Underground Railway

Underground railway vibration source strength is one of the key values used for environmental impact assessment and the evaluation of mitigation measure’s performance. However, currently there is no international standard of measuring the underground railway vibration source strength for such purposes. The available local standards and industrial guidelines do not agree on measurement locations as well as the metrics for presenting the source strength. This has caused many confusions. This paper aims to study the suitable measurement location and metrics using the data from a large scale field-testing carried out at the Nanchang underground railway (Metro Line 1, China) in 2017. 200 passing trains were recorded during the test at two different sections of the railway line, one with the spring floating slab installed and the other without. Three locations were chosen at each section, including one in the middle of the track and two on the tunnel wall at different heights. Based on the results of statistical analysis, the maximum of z-weighted vertical vibration level (VLzmax) obtained at a lower measurement location on the tunnel wall is the best for representing the underground railway vibration source strength, which is 76.66 dB obtained from this study.     

“Tepid” Geysers above salt cavernsGeysers tièdes au-dessus des cavités salines

The formation of a brine geyser erupting from the wellhead of a large underground salt cavern is described. In most cases, the brine outflow from an opened cavern is slow; it results from the cavern creep closure and the thermal expansion of the cavern brine. These two processes are smooth; however, the brine outflow often is bumpy, as it is modulated by atmospheric pressure variations that generate an elastic increase (or decrease) of both cavern and brine volumes. In addition, when the flow is fast enough, the brine thermodynamic behavior in the wellbore is adiabatic. The cold brine expelled from the cavern wellhead is substituted with warm brine entering the borehole bottom, resulting in a lighter brine column. The brine outflow increases. In some cases, the flow becomes so fast that inertia terms must be taken into account. A geyser forms, coming to an end when the pressure in the cavern has dropped sufficiently. A better picture is obtained when head losses are considered. A closed-form solution can be reached. This proves that two cases must be distinguished, depending on whether the cold brine initially contained in the wellbore is expelled fully or not. It can also be shown that geyser formation is a rare event, as it requires both that the wellbore be narrow and that the cavern be very compressible. This study stemmed from an actual example in which a geyser was observed. However, scarce information is available, making any definite interpretation difficult.     

以地下土壤为冷源的空气取水实验研究

随着水资源的日益缺乏,如何获取更多的淡水资源越来越得到重视,尤其体现在一些严重干旱地区.为解决干旱地区淡水资源短缺的问题,研究并探索了一种利用沙漠中土壤与大气环境温差来实现空气取水装置.空气中含有大量的水蒸气可以利用,本文为此设计了一种新型空气取水系统,利用温度较为恒定的土壤作为冷源,整个系统使用极低的能耗,通过降温的...     

煤矿区水体溶解有机质三维荧光光谱特征

应用三维荧光光谱对煤矿区水体溶解有机质进行分析测定,探讨特殊环境条件下水体溶解有机质光谱特征。类富里酸荧光峰(峰Ⅰ)和类腐殖酸荧光峰(峰Ⅱ)最为显著,类蛋白荧光峰(峰Ⅳ)强度较弱。地下水体溶解有机质荧光峰强度普遍低于地表水水体同类荧光峰。受人类活动的影响,炼焦区域和采煤区水体荧光峰强于污灌区域和农业区域水体同类荧光峰。矿区人类活动剧烈,煤矿开采加工活动容易把煤中的大量烃类物质分散到周围环境中去,地表水体接受矿井排水、洗煤废水及生活污水等,地下水体则相对不容易受到污染。整个石龙区水体溶解有机质荧光集团来源较多,峰强度受pH影响不大,但在某种程度上受到水体中Ca2+含量的影响。