Azimuthal anchoring of a nematic liquid crystal on a grooved interface with anisotropic polar anchoring

Zhang Y J et al.[Zhang Y J,Zhang Z D,Zhu L Z and Xuan L 2011 Liquid Cryst.38 355] investigated the effects of finite polar anchoring on the azimuthal anchoring energy at a grooved interface,in which polar anchoring was isotropic in the local tangent plane of the surface.In this paper,we investigate the effects of both isotropic and anisotropic polar anchoring on the surface anchoring energy in the frame of Fukuda et al.’s theory.The results show that anisotropic polar anchoring strengthens the azimuthal anchoring of grooved surfaces.In the one-elastic-constant approximation(K11 = K22 = K33 = K),the surface-groove-induced azimuthal anchoring energy is entirely consistent with the result of Faetti,and it reduces to the original result of Berreman with an increase in polar anchoring.Moreover,the contribution of the surface-like elastic term to the Rapini-Papoular anchoring energy is zero.     

Generating ultra wide low-frequency gap for transverse wave isolation via inertial amplification effects

Low-frequency transverse wave propagation plays a significant role in the out-of-plane vibration control. To efficiently attenuate the propagation of transverse waves at low-frequency range, this letter proposed a new type phononic beam by attaching inertial amplification mechanisms on it. The wave propagation of the beam with enhanced effective inertia is analyzed using the transfer matrix method. It is demonstrated that the low-frequency gap within inertial amplification effects can possess much wider bandwidth than using the local resonance method, thus is more suitable for designing applications to suppress transverse wave propagation.     

Electro-mechanical behavior of single twisted high-temperature superconducting tape under transverse Lorentz force

In recent years, several cabling methods of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cable have been proposed; e.g., the conductor on a round core cable (CORC), the Roebel assembled coated conductor cable, the helical twisted stacking-tape cable (TSTC) and the twisted-stack slotted core HTS cable (TSSC). These cabling methods allow the high temperature superconducting tapes widely used in the high-field magnets. The single superconducting tape performance under applied loads directly relates to the transport performance of the cable and the choice of the cabling method. In this paper, we investigate the effect of twisting morphology on the electro-mechanical properties of HTS tapes. Particular attention is given to the transverse Lorentz force of a pre-twisted HTS tape. The analytical solution of the deflection of the HTS tape under transverse Lorentz force is derived. Then, the current distribution and AC loss of the tape are calculated by using H-formulation. The effects of twist angle and loading conditions are examined for different HTS tape lengths. The results show that the stiffness resistance ability to Lorentz force of the HTS tape can be increased in several ranges by increasing the twist angle. The twisting structure can also reduce current degradation and AC loss, and thus enhance the transport capacity of HTS tape. This study helps understand the electro-mechanical properties of pre-twisted HTS tapes and provides theoretical reference for the design of novel HTS cable structures.     

Spin-gapped phases in the frustrated Hubbard chain with transverse spin anisotropy

At weak coupling, we investigate the frustrated Hubbard chain including nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange with easy-plane anisotropy $J_1^{xy}$ and $J_2^{xy}$. At half filling, we obtain three different phases in the $J_1^{xy}$–${J_2}^{xy}$ plane: a transverse spin density wave phase, a bond order wave phase and a Luther–Emery metallic phase characterized by the coexistence of singlet superconductivity and charge density wave correlations. The frustrating exchange $J_2^{xy}$ accounts for the spin-gapped phases.     

Closed-form expressions for the macroscopic flexural rigidity coefficients of periodic brickwork

Approximate expressions for the macroscopic out-of-plane elastic coefficients of brick masonry with a regular pattern are derived in closed form using a homogenization approach for periodic media. Following an approach similar to the Method of Cells for fiber reinforced composites, a (piecewise-)differentiable expression depending on very a limited number of degrees of freedom and fulfilling suitable periodicity conditions is proposed for the microscopic transverse displacement field over any Representative Volume Element (RVE). Some of the equilibrium conditions at the interfaces between bricks and mortar joints are also fulfilled. By averaging the moment and curvature fields over the RVE, the macroscopic bending stiffness coefficients can be explicitly obtained. Using the FE solution of a masonry panel subjected to elementary load conditions as a benchmark, the proposed approach is found to accurately match the numerically obtained stiffness coefficients, for masonry elements of different geometry and different mechanical properties. In several instances, the proposed expressions agree with the numerical predictions better than other analytical expressions available in the literature.     

On the use of universal relations in the modeling of transversely isotropic materials

A material is of coaxial type   if the Cauchy stress tensor T$\mathit{T}$ and the strain tensor B$\mathit{B}$ are coaxial for all deformations. Clearly a hyperelastic material is of coaxial type if and only if it is isotropic. Here we present a weaker definition of materials of coaxial type. Anisotropic materials may be of a coaxial type in a weak sense if for a given specific  B$\mathit{B}$ we have that TB=BT$\mathit{TB}=\mathit{BT}$. We denote these materials B$\mathit{B}$-coaxial. We show that for transverse isotropic materials weak coaxial constitutive equations may be characterized using universal relations. We discuss the impact of B$\mathit{B}$-coaxial materials in the modeling of soft tissues. We conclude that B$\mathit{B}$-coaxial materials are a strong evidence that in real world materials two anisotropic invariants are always necessary to model in a meaningful and correct way single fiber reinforced materials.     

Finite elastic deformations of transversely isotropic circular cylindrical tubes

We consider the finite radially symmetric deformation of a circular cylindrical tube of a homogeneous transversely isotropic elastic material subject to axial stretch, radial deformation and torsion, supported by axial load, internal pressure and end moment. Two different directions of transverse isotropy are considered: the radial direction and an arbitrary direction in planes normal locally to the radial direction, the only directions for which the considered deformation is admissible in general. In the absence of body forces, formulas are obtained for the internal pressure, and the resultant axial load and torsional moment on the ends of the tube in respect of a general strain-energy function. For a specific material model of transversely isotropic elasticity, and material and geometrical parameters, numerical results are used to illustrate the dependence of the pressure, (reduced) axial load and moment on the radial stretch and a measure of the torsional deformation for a fixed value of the axial stretch.     

A novel beam–spin asymmetry in double-hadron inclusive lepto-production

We show that a new beam–spin asymmetry appears in deep inelastic inclusive lepto-production at low transverse momenta when a hadron in the target fragmentation region is observed in association with another hadron in the current fragmentation region. The beam leptons are longitudinally polarized while the target nucleons are unpolarized. This asymmetry is a leading-twist effect generated by the correlation between the transverse momentum of quarks and the transverse momentum of the hadron emitted by the target. Experimental signatures of this effect are discussed.