拉伸应变率对20钢层裂特性的影响

采用轻气炮加载技术和激光速度干涉(VISAR)测速技术相结合,对不同拉伸应变率条件下20钢的层裂特性进行了实验研究。通过改变飞片和样品的几何尺寸来调整拉伸应变率的大小,研究了拉伸应变率对20钢层裂强度的影响。实验的拉伸应变率的变化范围为104~106 s-1,最大拉伸应变率接近激光加载所能产生的拉伸应变率,相比激光加载,薄飞片技术容易保证一维应变条件。实验结果显示20钢的层裂特性明显依赖着拉伸应变率的大小,106 s-1条件下层裂强度比104 s-1时提高近70%。基于对数值计算结果的分析,讨论了影响层裂强度的主要外载荷因素。     

考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学

研究考虑热应变的柔性并联空间机械臂动力学性态。用Jourdain速度变分原理建立各机械臂的动力学变分方程,在此基础上根据各物体之间的运动学约束关系,建立柔性多体系统的微分代数混合动力学方程。数值仿真结果表明,当温度升高时,机械臂的轴向约束力和中心刚体的质心运动速度均出现显著振荡,而适当减小温度变化率,可以有效地控制振幅。     

中应变率下材料动态拉伸关键参数测试方法

通过高速液压伺服材料试验机进行金属材料的中等应变率动态拉伸力学性能测试。为获取精确的动态拉伸载荷数据,提出了一种拉伸载荷的间接测量方法,在不改变试验机原有结构的情况下,解决了试验机自带载荷传感器测试数据在塑性段振荡导致材料真正动力学行为被掩盖的问题;通过数字图像相关的非接触测量方式进行动态拉伸应变的测量。实验验证表明,提出的载荷和应变测试方法可实现金属材料动态拉伸试验中的力学性能参数测试。     

光子晶体及其应用

光子晶体是８０年代末提出的新概念和新材料,文章简单回顾了光子晶体的历史,重点阐述了其主要特征以及可能的应用,同时论述了研究光子晶体的几种理论方法。     

紫外写入光纤光栅应变传感特性研究

采用紫外写入光纤Ｂｒａｇｇ光栅研究其应变传感特性。光纤光栅要借助外界应力引起轴向应变和折射率变化造成光栅Ｂｒａｇｇ反射波长移动。在温度２０℃,利用波长在４００￣１８００ｎｍ范围色散的光谱仪并用ＩｎＧａＡｓＰ／ＩｎＰ ＥＬＤ作宽带光源,从实验上测量了光纤光栅的应变与Ｂｒａｇｇ反射波长间的关系,结果表明Ｂｒａｇｇ反波长移动与光纤光栅外界应力变化在１５５．４￣１５６．８ｎｍ波长范围呈线性。外界应力引起的     

Viscoelastic wave propagation in the viscoelastic single walled carbon nanotubes based on nonlocal strain gradient theory

In this paper, the viscoelastic wave propagation in an embedded viscoelastic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is studied based on the nonlocal strain gradient theory. The characteristic equation for the viscoelastic wave in SWCNTs is derived. The emphasis is placed on the influence of the tube diameter on the viscoelastic wave dispersion. A blocking diameter is observed, above which the wave could not propagate in SWCNTs. The results show that the blocking diameter is greatly dependent on the damping coefficient, the nonlocal and the strain gradient length scale parameters, as well as the Winkler modulus of the surrounding elastic medium. These findings may provide a prospective application of SWCNTs in nanodevices and nanocomposites.     

光在一维周期结构中的分布和局域化

运用传播矩阵对不同种类的一维周期结构(periodic structure, PS)中的光场分布和局域化进行了理论分析．结果表明: 当光以禁带频率入射到PS上时,绝大部分光被反射,在PS中是以衰减的驻波形式存在的．需要强调的是,当光以禁带带边频率入射时,光场在PS中有显著的局域化,在介质中引入适当的缺陷可以极大地增加这种局域化程度．另外,当光从掺杂有特定缺陷层的PS的左右两个不同界面入射时,可引起光场在PS中不同的分布,这对通过光的非线性调制实现的光学二极管非常有用.在线性吸收的PS中光强随光进入介质的厚度及消光系数的增加迅速衰减．     

THE METHOD OF WEIGHTED DIFFERENCE FOR SINGULAR PERTURBATION PROBLEM

In this paper, we introduce a new difference approximation to the first order derivative u′and give a class of uniformly convergent difference schemes.     

二元超晶格弹性应力的能带理论计算

根据量子能带理论 ,采用经验赝势方法 ,对 (Pb) n/ (Bi) n,(Al) n/ (As) n 的假想简立方二元超晶格结构的弹性应力进行了计算 .结果表明弹性应力随超晶格周期λ的增加而迅速升高至一定大小后趋于稳定 ,且只有在周期较小时才同过渡金属氮化物超晶格硬度随周期的变化的趋势定性一致 ,为超晶格硬度随周期的变化提供了一种可能的解释     

Single-Molecule 3D Orientation Imaging Reveals Nanoscale Compositional Heterogeneity in Lipid Membranes

In soft matter, thermal energy causes molecules to continuously translate and rotate, even in crowded environments, thereby impacting the spatial organization and function of most molecular assemblies, such as lipid membranes. Directly measuring the orientation and spatial organization of large collections (>3000 molecules μm⁻²) of single molecules with nanoscale resolution remains elusive. In this paper, we utilize SMOLM, single-molecule orientation localization microscopy, to directly measure the orientation spectra (3D orientation plus “wobble”) of lipophilic probes transiently bound to lipid membranes, revealing that Nile red's (NR) orientation spectra are extremely sensitive to membrane chemical composition. SMOLM images resolve nanodomains and enzyme-induced compositional heterogeneity within membranes, where NR within liquid-ordered vs. liquid-disordered domains shows a ≈4° difference in polar angle and a ≈0.3π sr difference in wobble angle. As a new type of imaging spectroscopy, SMOLM exposes the organizational and functional dynamics of lipid-lipid, lipid-protein, and lipid-dye interactions with single-molecule, nanoscale resolution.