基于基金项目的“一带一路”研究格局与态势分析

以国家和有关部委的资助项目库为数据来源,检索2014-2016年“一带一路”的相关基金立项,运用文献计量和空间分析的方法从项目的负责人、科研单位、所属地域、学科、研究内容等多个角度进行解析,旨在揭示 “一带一路”研究的格局与态势.结果表明：（1）“一带一路”相关基金立项数目总体呈逐年上升趋势,增速平缓,国家社科基金主体地位明显.（2）项目所属单位、省份在空间上呈现集中分布趋势,体现了一定的区位优势、空间关联与地理邻近效应.（3）单个负责人的立项数目差异不大,分布较为平均.（4）“一带一路”、丝绸之路经济带、21世纪海上丝绸之路为目前学者主要的研究对象和议题.（5）各类基金高频词汇基本保持同步,五类基金研究的热门领域大体趋于一致,包括经济学、国际问题研究、民族问题研究和交叉学科研究等.最后,从研究数据、时间、空间及学科与合作前景上,对未来的研究趋势做了总结和展望.     

基于整体易损性的猫头型输电塔抗倒塌能力分析

作为输电线路的主要组成部分,输电塔结构对地震作用非常敏感。本文以中国输电线路中常采用的猫头型输电塔结构为例,开展了输电塔结构整体抗地震倒塌能力分析。以某一实际单回路3个不同高度的直线塔为研究对象,基于OpenSees平台建立输电塔结构三维有限元模型,定义4个倒塌极限状态依据,选取20条远场地震动记录,采用增量动力分析(IDA)方法,得到4个倒塌极限状态依据下输电塔结构的倒塌点,进一步获得输电塔结构的倒塌易损性曲线及其潜在失效杆件,并评估其在不同水平设计地震作用下的倒塌裕度比。研究结果表明,猫头型输电塔的地震损伤主要集中在塔头位置;随着塔体高度的增高,猫头型输电塔抗地震倒塌能力减弱;猫头型输电塔在巨震作用下存在一定的倒塌风险。     

火试金-原子吸收光谱法测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量

锡阳极泥是锡冶炼过程中的一种中间产物,其中含有大量的金、银等贵金属。准确测定锡阳极泥中金、银含量有很重要的现实意义。采用火试金法能实现锡阳极泥中金、银含量的连续测定,方法准确度高,精密度好,金、银回收率在97.46%~101.66%,能很好地满足锡阳极泥中高品位金、银的测定。     

日本遗弃化学武器销毁残渣中元素分析及砷形态分析

本文就日本遗弃在华化学武器销毁残渣元素分布进行了分类分析,并对残渣样品的砷形态进行检测。结果表明,黄剂及红剂销毁残渣样品中主要元素均为铁、铜、砷、钛、铅等,其中砷元素占比较大且危害最深。进一步对样品进行分析结果显示,残渣中砷形态主要为Fe-结合态、Ca-结合态、残渣态等。该实验结果为销毁残渣的二次处理提供了必要的技术支撑,在敦促日方改进销毁技术方面具有重要的现实意义。     

软段含羧基的水性聚氨酯物性研究

合成了单官能团小分子物质封端的软硬段皆含羧基的脂环族水性聚氨酯(PU),研究了反离子种类、固含量、外加小分子盐/酸、pH值对水性PU的粘度、粒径、CMC和电导率的影响,同时,比较了不同软段分子量水性PU分散液pH临界值和CMC的差异.实验结果表明,随固含量升高,PU分散液体系粘度增大,当固含量为30wt%时,粘度比固含量20wt%的体系粘度增大约20倍;随小分子盐NaCl的加入,PU分散液电粘滞效应逐渐消失,电导率呈现先减小后增大的趋势,随NaCl的加入/软段分子量提高,PU分散体系的CMC值减小,钙离子对PU粒子扩散双电层的破坏作用更加明显.随pH值的增大,PU分散液体系粒径减小,电导率则升高,随软段分子量提高,pH临界值增大,PU分散体对外加小分子酸存在缓冲作用.     

An Introduction to Monolithic Disks as Stationary Phases for High Performance Biochromatography

Monolithic stationary phases have revolutionized protein chromatography because they combine speed, capacity, and resolution in a unique manner. Since such stationary phases contain no particles but only flow‐through pores, the usual mass transfer restrictions to the chromatography of large molecules are not observed and extremely fast separations become possible. Recently the area of application of monolith chromatography has been extended to the separation and analysis of small molecules and plasmid DNA. This review summarizes the state of art in high performance monolith and especially high performance monolithic disk chromatography (HPMDC). The current understanding of the theory of protein HPMDC is summarized, while an introduction to the evolving field of small molecule HPMDC is attempted. The basic differences between the monolithic disks and columns packed with conventional stationary phases (including perfusion and micropellicular particles) but also monolithic columns (porous rods) are outlined. Finally, the potential of HPMDC to analytical and preparative biochromatography is demonstrated by a discussion of recent applications of chromatographic disks for protein isolation and bioprocess analysis.     

Solvent‐ and counterion‐specific swelling behavior of poly(acrylic acid) gels

The collapse of alkali metal poly(acrylate) (PAAM) gels was investigated for various water/organic solvent mixture systems: methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), 2‐propanol (2PrOH), t‐butanol (tBuOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile (AcN), acetone, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and dioxane. In order to ascertain the counterion specificity in the swelling behavior, four kinds of alkali metal counterions were used: Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Cs⁺. Remarkable solvent and counterion specificities were observed for every counterion species and every solvent system, respectively. For example, in aqueous EtOH the dielectric constants (D_cr) at which collapse occurred were in the order PAACs < PAALi < PAAK < PAANa. On the other hand, the D_cr at which PAALi gel collapsed increased in the order tBuOH < dioxane < THF < MeOH < 2PrOH < EtOH < acetone < AcN < DMSO, where the D_cr ranged from about 39 to about 67. This was in contrast to our previous observation for a partially quaternized poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) gel, which collapsed in a much narrower D_cr region in similar mixed solvents. The present solvent‐ and counterion‐specific collapses are discussed on the basis of solvent properties such as the dielectric constant and Gutmann's donor number and acceptor number of a pure solvent. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2791–2800, 2000     

Processing and morphological development of carbon black filled conducting blends using a binary host of poly(styrene co‐acrylonitrile) and poly(styrene)

The effects of host/filler interactions, processing, and morphological development of low percolation threshold (Φ_c) conducting blends were investigated. It was found that the value of Φ_c was dramatically reduced by the isolation of the carbon black (CB) conducting filler at the cocontinuous interface of a binary poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(styrene co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) insulating host, resulting in a multiple percolation effect. Accumulation of the filler at the interface was possible due to the incompatibility of the CB filler with the PS phase and partial compatibility with the SAN phase. The best results were obtained by initially dispersing the CB in the PS phase during melt‐ blending, followed by the addition of the SAN phase. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 3106–3119, 2000     

“Continuous” emulsifier‐free emulsion polymerization for the synthesis of monodisperse polymeric latex particles

A “continuous” emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization (CEFEP) of styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) has been devised to produce uniform polymeric microspheres of narrow size distribution from 74 nm to 2 μm, depending on reaction time. Monomer and crosslinker vapors were fed continuously into a small reactor. We suggest that after initial nucleation, subsequent CEFEP proceeds near the surfaces of growing particles in a monomer‐swollen outer shell. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3181–3187, 2000