基于二次逼近神经网络的反应釜预测控制

摘 要：针对在化工生产过程中使用连续搅拌反应釜(Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor,CSTR)时存在的控制方式不便,调节的精确度不高等问题。在对实际问题进行分析建模的基础上,提出了一种基于二次逼近神经网络模型的预测控制方法。该方法首先利用多层前馈神经网络模型去逼近连续搅拌反应釜系统的多步预测值,其次在已创建的预测模型的基础上优化并求解预测控制的二次目标函数,以得到最优的控制参数,最后由通过泰勒展开式的二次逼近得到非线性预测控制器的最优解。通过对控制模型的模拟以及带入相关参数进行仿真实验,对连续搅拌反应釜控制系统的仿真结果进行分析表明：该方法控制精确度较高,并且是可行有效的,能够使生产效率得到显著提高且保证了产品的质量,具有较高的实用价值。     

Finite element modelling of local scour below a pipeline under steady currents

Local scour has been identified as the main factor that causes failures of structures in offshore engineering. Numerous research efforts have been devoted to local scour around offshore pipelines in the past. In this paper, a finite element numerical model is established for simulating local scour below offshore pipelines in steady currents. The flow is simulated by solving the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations with a standard k ? ? turbulent model closure. A sand slide scheme is proposed for the scour calculation, and bed load is considered in the proposed scour model. To account for changes in bed level, the moving mesh method is adopted to capture the water–sediment interface (bed), and the change of bed level is calculated by solving Exner–Polya equation. All the equations are discretised within the two-step Taylor–Galerkin algorithm in this paper. It is found that the sand slide model works well for the simulation of the scour, and the numerical results are shown to be in good agreement with the available experimental data.     

Computing singular solutions to partial differential equations by Taylor series

The Taylor Meshless Method (TMM) is a true meshless integration-free numerical method for solving elliptic Partial Differential Equations (PDEs). The basic idea of this method is to use high-order polynomial shape functions that are approximated solutions to the PDE and are computed by the technique of Taylor series. Currently, this new method has proved robust and efficient, and it has the property of exponential convergence with the degree, when solving problems with smooth solutions. This exponential convergence is no longer obtained for problems involving cracks, corners or notches. On the basis of numerical tests, this paper establishes that the presence of a singularity leads to a worsened convergence of the Taylor series, but highly accurate solutions can be recovered by including a few singular solutions in the basis of shape functions.     

Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flows through concentric annulus with circumferential oscillation of inner wall

Periodic wall oscillations in the spanwise or circumferential direction can greatly reduce the friction drag in turbulent channel and pipe flows. In a concentric annulus, the constant rotation of the inner cylinder can intensify turbulence fluctuations and enhance skin friction due to centrifugal instabilities. In the present study, the effects of the periodic oscillation of the inner wall on turbulent flows through concentric annulus are investigated by the direct numerical simulation (DNS). The radius ratio of the inner to the outer cylinders is 0.1, and the Reynolds number is 2 225 based on the bulk mean velocity U_m and the half annulus gap H. The influence of oscillation period is considered. It is found that for short-period oscillations, the Stokes layer formed by the circumferential wall movement can effectively inhibit the near-wall coherent motions and lead to skin friction reduction, while for long-period oscillations, the centrifugal instability has enough time to develop and generate new vortices, resulting in the enhancement of turbulence intensity and skin friction.     

Destabilization of flapping sheets: The surprising analogue of soap films

When punctured, a uniform liquid sheet is known, since Taylor and Culick, to recess at a constant speed, balancing surface tension and inertia. For planar soap films, this steady solution holds until the initially smooth receding rim is violently destabilized, exhibiting deep indentations from which droplets are ejected. A surprising new three-dimensional mechanism explaining this destabilization and resulting wavelength has been demonstrated: because of the shear between the still outer medium and the receding liquid, the film flaps through a Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, itself inducing an acceleration perpendicular to the film, which intensifies with the flapping amplitude. To this acceleration is associated a classical Rayleigh–Taylor mechanism, promoting the rim indentations. To cite this article: H. Lhuissier, E. Villermaux, C. R. Mecanique 337 (2009).     

Nonlinear waves in electromigration dispersion in a capillary

We construct exact solutions to an unusual nonlinear advection–diffusion equation arising in the study of Taylor–Aris (also known as shear) dispersion due to electroosmotic flow during electromigration in a capillary. An exact reduction to a Darboux equation is found under a traveling-wave ansatz. The equilibria of this ordinary differential equation are analyzed, showing that their stability is determined solely by the (dimensionless) wave speed without regard to any (dimensionless) physical parameters. Integral curves, connecting the appropriate equilibria of the Darboux equation that governs traveling waves, are constructed, which in turn are shown to be asymmetric kink solutions (i.e., non-Taylor shocks). Furthermore, it is shown that the governing Darboux equation exhibits bistability, which leads to two coexisting non-negative kink solutions for (dimensionless) wave speeds greater than unity. Finally, we give some remarks on other types of traveling-wave solutions and a discussion of some approximations of the governing partial differential equation of electromigration dispersion.     

适用于间断Galerkin方法的限制器研究

开发了一种适用于高精度间断Galerkin方法的斜率（多项式系数）限制器。与现有的斜率限制器不同,该限制器实施过程不考虑网格单元类型（三角形或四边形）,通过全微分方法构造新的多项式系数,因此,该限制器能够适用于各种类型网格——结构化网格、具有单一单元的非结构化网格和具有混合单元的非结构化网格。由于该限制器能够方便地应用于具有混合单元的非结构化网格,因此,本文使用的程序能够方便地求解具有复杂几何结构的流动问题。本文利用一些典型算例对其性能进行了验证,表明该限制器适用于不同类型的网格单元,能够在光滑解区保证高的精度,并能够在阊断区抑帛3非物理振荡。     

磁探针参数的标定

为了标定EAST装置电磁测量系统中的磁探针位置偏差和回路增益,通过分析该装置中的误差源,设计了极向场线圈的通电模式。运用格林函数等算法程序对测量数据进行预处理,利用简化的泰勒线性展开,结合带权重的最小二乘法对数据进行多次循环迭代,拟合出磁探针的位置偏差和回路增益。实验结果表明,使用该方法标定是合理的。     

聚合物波导M-Z调制器TM模的泰勒级数展开法研究

根据聚合物脊型波导的结构特点,利用有效折射率法求出其横向折射率分布,将三维传播转化为二维传播,并从标量波动方程出发,在傍轴近似的情况下,采用Crank-Nicholson差分格式,得到了泰勒级数展开法基本计算格式,并对算法进行了适当优化;通过对Mach-Zehnder光波导TM模的模拟,分析了各种参数对损耗的影响。结果表明：泰勒级数展开法具有精度高、稳定性好、算法简单、易于编程等优点,是一种比较理想的光波导数值分析方法,可为聚合物电光调制器的设计制作提供理论参考。     

Bag breakup of nonturbulent liquid jets in crossflow

An experimental investigation of the bag breakup of round nonturbulent liquid jets in gaseous crossflow at room temperature and pressure is described. Pulsed photography, pulsed shadowgraphy, and high-speed imaging were used to observe the column and surface waves along the liquid jet and the formation and breakup of bags. Measurements included: wavelengths of column and surface waves, jet velocities, the number of bags along the liquid jet, the number of nodes per bag, droplets sizes and velocities, and trajectories of droplets. Present results show that the column waves of a nonturbulent liquid jet in crossflow within bag breakup regime can be explained based on Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The number of nodes per bag affected the breakup mechanism of the bags. Three distinctive sizes of droplets were produced due the breakup of the bag membrane, the ring strings and the ring nodes. The size of the droplets resulting from the breakup of the bag membrane was constant independent of the crossflow Weber number. Finally different trajectories were observed for the three groups of droplets.