递变能量成像中最佳X射线管电压预测算法

X射线递变能量成像是依次获取复杂结构件在递变能量下的局部有效信息,并通过多谱融合获取完整结构信息。但是目前的能量选择主要以人工设定管电压步进为主,无法匹配检测对象的有效厚度变化率,成像效率及射线利用率较低。基于递变能量成像规律,提出一种最佳X射线管电压预测算法。该方法通过对检测物体进行变能量预扫描,提取图像序列中有效厚度(高质量区域)和临近厚度(预测区域),建立有效厚度的图像灰度与管电压、X射线光谱之间的物理模型,及临近厚度灰度差与电压的函数模型,进而得到临近厚度最佳成像时的能量预测模型。通过模型求解,实现了能量的自适应预测。以不同厚度钢块为对象,利用该算法逐一预测各个厚度钢块最佳成像时的管电压,并与实际值对比。实验结果显示,在低能时可跨3~4 mm准确预测,高能时可跨7~10 mm预测,精度可以达到95%以上。     

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy study on reversion of Al2CuMg precipitates in Al–Cu–Mg alloys under irradiation

Image deconvolution analyses showed that reversion of S-Al₂CuMg precipitates occurred in an Al–Cu–Mg alloy during high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations. A fraction of Mg and Cu atoms in the precipitates diffused into Al matrix due to electron beam irradiation at 300 kV, resulting in structural/chemical reversion of the precipitates. The structural reversion of the S-Al₂CuMg precipitates is closely related with irradiation-induced displacement of atoms. The strong attraction between Cu and Mg atoms might assist the sub-threshold displacement of Cu atoms. One transitional structure is determined to be S′′-Al₁₀Cu₃Mg₃, a precursor of S-Al₂CuMg. Two other transitional structures, Al₃CuMg and Al₁₈Cu₅Mg₅ which have the same lattice parameters of a = c = 0.405 nm as that of S′′-Al₁₀Cu₃Mg₃, but different b values, are suggested.     

Chemical synthesis of spinel nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nano-sheets

The present investigation is related to the deposition of single-phase nano-sheets spinel nickel ferrite (NiFe₂O₄) thin films onto glass substrates using a chemical method. Nano-sheets nickel ferrite films were deposited from an alkaline bath containing Ni²⁺ and Fe²⁺ ions. The films were characterized for their structural, surface morphological and electrical properties by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and two-point probe electrical resistivity techniques. The X-ray diffraction pattern showed that NiFe₂O₄ nano-sheets are oriented along (3 1 1) plane. The FT-IR spectra of NiFe₂O₄ films showed strong absorption peaks around 600 and 400 cm⁻¹ which are typical for cubic spinel crystal structure. Microstructural study of NiFe₂O₄ film revealed nano-sheet like morphology with average sheet thickness of 30 nm. The room temperature electrical resistivity of the NiFe₂O₄ nano-sheets was 10⁷ Ω cm.     

Magnetocaloric effect in high-energy ball-milled Gd5Si2Ge2 and Gd5Si2Ge2/Fe nanopowders

Evolution of structure and magnetocaloric properties in ball-milled Gd₅Si₂Ge₂ and Gd₅Si₂Ge₂/0.1 wt% Fe nanostructured powders were investigated. The high-energy ball-milled powders were composed of very fine grains (70–80 nm). Magnetization decreased with milling time due to decrease in the grain size and randomization of the magnetic moments at the surface. The magnetic entropy change (ΔS_M) was calculated from the isothermal magnetization curves and a maximum value of 0.45 J/kg K was obtained for 32 h milled Gd₅Si₂Ge₂ alloy powder for a magnetic field change of 2 T while it was still low in Fe-contained alloy powders. The thermo-magnetic measurements revealed that the milled powders display distribution of magnetic transitions, which is desirable for practical magnetic refrigerant to cover a wide temperature span.     

冷绝缘高温超导电缆电磁特性计算与分析

为了获得超导电缆电磁特性变化规律,针对冷绝缘高温超导电缆本体的基本结构,采用安培定律推导了超导电缆导体层和屏蔽层自感、互感的计算公式.通过110kV冷绝缘超导电缆的实例计算,研究了超导电缆导体层、屏蔽层的内径、绕向角、绕制方向三个结构参数对电磁特性的影响,总结了电感参数变化规律.     

Comparative study of structural and magnetic properties of NiZnCu ferrite powders prepared via chemical coprecipitation method with different coprecipitators

We prepared NiZnCu ferrite powders with nominal composition Ni_0.4−xZn_0.6Cu_xFe₂O₄ (x=0-0.2) via chemical coprecipitation method with NaOH and Na₂CO₃ as coprecipitators. The structural and magnetic properties of these compounds were studied and compared. It is found that all the specimens exhibit single-phase structure after annealing. The saturation magnetization of specimens with NaOH as coprecipitator is lower than that with Na₂CO₃ as coprecipitator. It is also found that the growth of grains is hindered for specimens using Na₂CO₃ as coprecipitator.     

Effect of sulfur substitutions on optical, electrical and structural properties of Ge(SxSe1−x)2 system

Glasses in the system Ge-Se-S were prepared with different Se/S ratios in order to investigate the compositional dependence of selected physical properties. We report the results of a systematic study examining the UV-vis transmission, dc electrical conductivity and X-ray diffraction of the system Ge(S_xSe_1−x)₂ with x=0, 0.1, 0.4 and 1.0 where replacement of S by Se was made. The changes in the optical energy gap, E_g, (from 1.95 to 2.43 eV) and band tail width, E_e, (from 103 to 243 meV) behave contrarily to the change in refractive index, n, (from 2.3 to 2) with the progressive replacement of S by Se. This behavior was discussed and interpreted with the changes in cohesive energy. The analysis of defects in the prepared films was carried out by the examination of activation energies obtained from dc electrical conductivity. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern revealed a remarkable reduction in the intensity of the first and second diffraction peaks with the progressive replacement of S content, which confirms a change in the intermediate range order structure: reorganization of the structural properties.     

基于CAN总线的雷达阵面液冷综合监控系统设计

相控阵雷达天线阵面工作中散热量很大,广泛采用液冷方式进行阵面冷却,液冷系统实时监控对雷达系统安全性至关重要。介绍了一种基于CAN总线的雷达阵面液冷系统综合监控设计,采用实时性、可靠性较高的CAN现场总线技术和多级综合控制技术,实现了液冷系统自动闭环控制、监测信息共享及雷达系统级决策控制。设计控制流程清晰,电路简洁,产品辗转多地,在各种工况下工作稳定,控制与保护及时有效。     

First-principles study of structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of SrMO3 (M=Ti and Sn)

We present structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of the perovskites SrMO₃ (M=Ti, and Sn) for different pressure. The computational method is based on the pseudo-potential plane wave method (PP-PW). The exchange-correlation energy is described in the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). The calculated equilibrium lattice parameters are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. This work shows that the perovskites SrTiO₃, and SrSnO₃ are mechanically stable and present an indirect band gaps at the Fermi level. Applied pressure does not change the shape of the total valence electronic charge density and most of the electronic charge density is shifted toward O atom. Furthermore, in order to understand the optical properties of SrMO₃, the dielectric function, absorption coefficient, optical reflectivity, refractive index, extinction coefficient and electron energy-loss are calculated for radiation up to 80 eV. The enhancement of pressure decreases the dielectric function and refractive indices of SrTiO₃ and SrSnO₃.     

EAST装置内置低温冷凝泵低温分配阀箱的研制

在全超导磁约束核聚变试验装置EAST中,为了防止杂质从偏虑器靶板附近进入等离子体核心,为EAST长脉冲放电试验提供持续的排灰能力以及装置长冲放电等,低温冷凝泵是必不可少的部件之一,在装置真空室上下安装了内置低温凝泵以提高装置运行参数,为满足低温泵的低温条件,增加一低温分配阀箱给内置低温冷凝泵提供低温条件。文中介绍应用于EAST装置系统中的内置低温冷凝泵分配阀箱研制的技术要求、冷却流程、结构特征。