The Protection of Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermented-Mango Peel against Neuronal Damage Induced by Amyloid-Beta

Mango peels are usually discarded as waste; however, they contain phytochemicals and could provide functional properties to food and promote human health. This study aimed to determine the optimal lactic acid bacteria for fermentation of mango peel and evaluate the effect of mango peel on neuronal protection in Neuron-2A cells against amyloid beta (Aβ) treatment (50 μM). Mango peel can be fermented by different lactic acid bacteria species. Lactobacillus acidophilus (BCRC14079)-fermented mango peel produced the highest concentration of lactic acid bacteria (exceeding 10⁸ CFU/mL). Mango peel and fermented mango peel extracts upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression for 1.74-fold in Neuron-2A cells. Furthermore, mango peel fermented products attenuated oxidative stress in Aβ-treated neural cells by 27%. Extracts of L. acidophilus (BCRC14079)-fermented mango peel treatment decreased Aβ accumulation and attenuated the increase of subG1 caused by Aβ induction in Neuron-2A cells. In conclusion, L. acidophilus (BCRC14079)-fermented mango peel acts as a novel neuronal protective product by inhibiting oxidative stress and increasing BDNF expression in neural cells.     

Frequency combinations in the magnetoresistance oscillations spectrum of a linear chain of coupled orbits with a high scattering rate

The oscillatory magnetoresistance spectrum of the organic metal (BEDO)₅Ni(CN)₄. 3C₂H₄(OH)₂ has been studied up to 50 T, in the temperature range from 1.5 K to 4.2 K. In high magnetic field, its Fermi surface corresponds to a linear chain of quasi-two-dimensional orbits coupled by magnetic breakdown (MB). The scattering rate consistently deduced from the data relevant to the basic α and the MB-induced β orbits is very large which points to a significant reduction of the chemical potential oscillation. Despite of this feature, the oscillations spectrum exhibits many frequency combinations. Their effective masses and (or) Dingle temperature are not in agreement with either the predictions of the quantum interference model or the semiclassical model of Falicov and Stachowiak.     

Year Discrimination of Mild Aroma Chinese Liquors Using Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Spectroscopy Combined with Parallel Factor and Neural NetworkSCIEI北大核心CSCD

Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis and neural network was applied to the year discrimination of mild aroma Chinese liquors. The excitation-emission fluorescence matrices (EEMs) of 120 samples with various years were measured by FLS920 fluorescence spectrometer. The trilinear decomposition of the data array was performed and the loading scores of and the excitation-emission profiles of four components were also obtained. The scores were employed as the inputs of the BP neural networks and the PARAFAC-BP identification model was constructed. 10 samples were collected from 10, 20 and 30 years of liquors respectively, and 30 samples were selected as the test sets. The remaining 90 samples were used as the training sets to build the training model. The year prediction of unknown samples was also carried out, and the prediction accuracy was 90%, 100% and 100%, respectively. Meanwhile, the discrimination analysis method and the multi way partial least squares discriminant analysis were compared, namely PARAFAC-BP and NPLS-DA. The results indicated that parallel factor combined with the neural network (PARAFAC-BP) has higher prediction accuracy. The proposed method can effectively extract the spectral characteristics, and also reduce the dimension of the input variables of neural network. A good year discrimination result was finally achieved.     

基于荧光强度比值法可用于现场测量的低成本聚合物光纤温度传感器

基于荧光强度比值法,设计了一种使用两种荧光染料的光纤温度传感器.实验中,罗丹明B和罗丹明110分别为对温度敏感和对温度不敏感的荧光传感物质,利用聚合物光纤来传导激发光及接收荧光.由于两种染料的荧光谱峰相距60 nm,因此容易将二者对应的荧光谱分开.通过确定能代表两种染料的最优荧光光谱范围,获得具有良好线性度的温度-荧光强度标定曲线.实验研究了不同浓度的荧光染料对标定曲线的影响,当染料浓度为0.3 g/L时,可获得0.28℃的最小均方误差及0.0128/℃的灵敏度.此外,该传感器还具备一定的抗光源扰动和抗荧光染料漂白的能力.     

TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8在Modic I型改变腰椎终板与椎间盘髓核中的表达及关系研究

目的 探讨腰椎Modic I型改变的腰椎终板与椎间盘髓核中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8 的相关性。方法 收集30 例因下腰痛入院手术治疗并行腰椎MRI 检查确认为腰椎Modic I型改变患者的术中病灶椎间盘标本,进行免疫组化检测,并观察椎间盘组织病理变化及炎症因子的表达,IL-6、IL-8 相对表达水平以相对表达量△Ct 或（2-△Ct×104）进行分析。结果 Modic I型终板中TNF-α表达水平（9.2±0.7）高于髓核（7.2±0.5）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;髓核中△Ct IL-6、△Ct IL-8 相对表达量（6.34±1.82、10.62±1.88）高于终板（4.07±1.86、5.92±1.31）,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 Modic I型终板中TNF-α、IL-6、IL-8的表达水平明显高于髓核,其引起下腰痛的原因主要为终板的炎症改变。     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合化学计量学方法分析光照对鱼腥草挥发性成分的影响

采用色谱-质谱联用技术结合化学计量学方法对不同光照生长条件的鱼腥草挥发性成分进行分析。水蒸气蒸馏法提取鱼腥草挥发油,气相色谱-质谱进行分析。色谱指纹图谱结合主成分分析与相似度评价以探究不同光照挥发油成分的异同。直观推导式演进特征投影法(Heuristic evolving latent projections,HELP)分辨重叠色谱峰,NIST标准质谱库结合相关文献进行定性,峰面积归一化法定量,t-检验比较不同光照组成分含量间是否有显著性差异。3种光照下的鱼腥草挥发油指纹图谱存在一定的共性和差异,共鉴定出33种化合物,共有化合物26种。随着光照强度的减少,单萜类化合物含量减少,非萜类含量增多,倍半萜类变化不大。癸酰乙醛和甲基正壬酮在全光照组的含量明显低于遮光组的含量。研究结果表明,适度的遮光有利于鱼腥草挥发性有效成分含量的提高,鱼腥草药材挥发性成分种类及含量与生长条件密切相关。     

Frequencies and absorption intensities of the fundamental and the first overtone of NH stretching vibrations of pyrroleacetylene and pyrroleethylene complexes studied by density-functional-theory calculation

The structures of pyrroleacetylene and pyrroleethylene complexes which form an NH–π hydrogen bonding were calculated by density-functional-theory calculation. The wavenumbers and absorption intensities of the fundamental and the first overtone of NH stretching of the complexes were investigated to compare effects of the hydrogen bonding on the fundamental and the first overtone of the NH stretching mode. One-dimensional Schrödinger equation in consideration of molecular vibrational anharmonicity was used for the estimation of the wavenumbers and absorption intensities of NH stretching modes of the complexes; it was found that the NH–π hydrogen-bond formation induced lower wavenumber shift for both the fundamentals and first-overtones of NH stretching mode and it increases absorption intensities of the fundamentals and decreases those of first overtones of NH stretching mode.     

A finite element method based comparative fracture assessment of carbon black and silica filled elastomers: Reinforcing efficacy of carbonaceous fillers in flexible composites

This study is focused on numerical investigation on fracture behaviors of carbon black (CB) and silica filled elastomeric composites. Finite element analysis (FEA) in compliance with multi-specimen method is used to calculate J-integral and geometry factor of the rubber composites up to a displacement of 20 mm for single edge notch in tension (SENT) and double edge notch in tension (DENT) specimens. An empirical relationship between crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) and crack advancement is established depending on notch to width ratio (NWR). The stress contours across the notches for SENT and DENT specimens is discussed briefly. It is found that fracture propagation resistance of CB filled elastomer is 125% more than that of silica filled elastomer. Although, Silica filled elastomer have good tensile strength and crosslink density but it fails to replace carbon black in terms of fracture properties. The critical J-integral for CB filled elastomer is 18.7% and 32.2% more than silica filled elastomer for SENT and DENT specimens respectively. The effect of specimen type on various fracture properties is also explored. The factor of safety is found to be significantly more in case of CB filled elastomers making them less vulnerable to crack propagation and catastrophic failure.     

单分子电导测量技术及其影响因素

Molecular electronics is an important field for the application of nanotechnologies with an ultimate goal of building functional devices using single molecules or molecular arrays to realize the same functionality as macroscopic devices. To attain this goal, reliable techniques for measuring and manipulating electron transfer processes through single molecules are essential. There are various techniques and many environmental factors influencing single-molecule electronic conductance measurements. In this review, we first provide a detailed introduction and classification of the current well-accepted techniques in this field for measuring single-molecule conductance. All available techniques are summarized into two categories: the fixed junction technique and break junction technique. The break junction technique involves repeatedly forming and breaking molecular junctions by mechanically controlling a pair of electrodes moving into and out of contact in the presence of target molecules. Single-molecule conductance can be determined from the conductance plateaus that appear in typical conductance decay traces when molecules bind two electrodes during their separation process. In contrast, the fixed junction technique is to fix the distance between a pair of electrodes and measure the conductance fluctuations when a single molecule binds the two electrodes stochastically. Both techniques comprise different application methods and have been employed preferentially by different groups. Specific features of both techniques and their intrinsic advantages are compared and summarized in Section 4.