以二乙烯硫/砜基为中心的新型电荷转移分子双光子吸收特性

理论研究分子结构与双光子吸收性质之间的关系对于指导实验者设计与合成功能分子材料具有重要意义. 在杂化密度泛函水平上, 利用响应函数方法, 计算了一类以二乙烯硫/砜基为中心的新型电荷转移分子的双光子吸收截面, 并在相同计算水平上, 与联苯乙烯类强双光子吸收分子做了比较; 以新型电荷转移分子为基础, 利用异构效应, 设计出了可以增强双光子吸收强度的分子结构. 研究表明, 在可应用波长范围内, 该系列分子表现出较强的双光子吸收响应, 与相似共轭长度的强双光子吸收分子具有相同量级的双光子吸收截面; 二乙烯硫/砜基在分子中心作为吸电子基团可以形成有效的电荷转移分子; 改变咔唑基的连接方式可以有效提高双光子吸收截面. 该研究为实验合成新型双光子吸收分子材料提供了理论依据.     

Tiling solutions for optimal biological sensing

Biological systems, from cells to organisms, must respond to the ever-changing environment in order to survive and function. This is not a simple task given the often random nature of the signals they receive, as well as the intrinsically stochastic, many-body and often self-organized nature of the processes that control their sensing and response and limited resources. Despite a wide range of scales and functions that can be observed in the living world, some common principles that govern the behavior of biological systems emerge. Here I review two examples of very different biological problems: information transmission in gene regulatory networks and diversity of adaptive immune receptor repertoires that protect us from pathogens. I discuss the trade-offs that physical laws impose on these systems and show that the optimal designs of both immune repertoires and gene regulatory networks display similar discrete tiling structures. These solutions rely on locally non-overlapping placements of the responding elements (genes and receptors) that, overall, cover space nearly uniformly.     

Closely packed dense frequency selective surface

In order to realize wideband filtering properties of frequency selective surface （FSS）, FSS of closely packed elements is presented. The Y loop elements are chosen as the graphics elements. Based on the spectral domain method, the frequency response is analyzed for different incident angles and polarizations. The result of the numerical analysis shows that the dense FSS has wide passband with better independence of angle and polarization.     

Proton response of high sensitivity CR-39 copolymer

We studied the track response for the copolymer of CR-39 monomer with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) as well as etching properties. It was found that copoly (CR-39/NIPAAm/Naugard 445) composed in wieght ratio of 99/1/0.01 is highly sensitive to low LET particles in the region below 10 keV/μm of LET and able to record normally incident particles of LET down to 1.5 keV/μm, recording protons up to the energy of 27 MeV. These results were compared with the responses for two types of CR-39 detectors containing a small quantity of antioxidant. The threshold energy proton registration is discussed.     

Option pricing and perfect hedging on correlated stocks

We develop a theory for option pricing with perfect hedging in an inefficient market model where the underlying price variations are autocorrelated over a time τ0. This is accomplished by assuming that the underlying noise in the system is derived by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck, rather than from a Wiener process. With a modified portfolio consisting in calls, secondary calls and bonds we achieve a riskless strategy which results in a closed and exact expression for the European call price which is always lower than Black-Scholes price. We obtain the same price and a modified delta hedging if we start from an effective one-dimensional market model. We compare these strategies and study the sensitivity of the call price to several parameters where the correlation effects are also observed.     

光纤Bragg光栅水听器探头的特性及实验研究

论述了FBG水听器探头基元——光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)的传感特性,分析了FBG的耦合系数、反射率、反射带宽和栅长对FBG水听器传感特性的影响。通过改进FBG水听器探头封装结构,增加了其压力敏感系数。并将实验结果与标准水听器(压电型)比较,标定出FBG的声压灵敏度,在1～25KHz的声波检测范围,其响应平坦度好、信号输出稳定,改进措施是有效的。     

非即变相位共轭反馈对半导体激光器动态特性的影响

从四波混频产生相位共轭的物理原因出发,定义了相位共轭镜（PCM）的响应时间．建立起非即变相位共轭反馈条件下半导体激光器的外腔模型。以响应时间及频率失调为参变量,对其分岔及噪声等动态行为进行数值分析。结果表明,不考虑噪声影响时,增加相位共轭镜响应时间会使混沌带出现的次数和范围得到较大的抑制,当响应时间增大到1．5ns时,混沌带消失,半导体激光器保持稳定的单周期状态;考虑噪声影响后,随若响应时间的相对强度噪声（RIN）可减小几dB甚至十几dB,产生突变需要的反馈量也增大一个数量级以上,且其频谱的峰值向高频方向移动;另外,由于共轭反馈引起的频率失调低于半导体激光器激射频率3个数量级以上．它只对分岔特性有影响．对相对强度噪声的影响几乎为零。     

基于光外差技术的超宽带频率响应测量系统

介绍了一种利用光外差技术测量光电探测器超宽带频率响应的测试方法。将一个可调谐外腔激光器和一个固定波长的分布反馈激光器（DFB-LD’s）产生的激光输入到光电探测器进行混频。通过对可调激光器腔长的控制,可以在光电探测器产生从DC到上百GHz的拍频信号,在无需额外校准光源的情况下就可以进行光电探测器超宽带频率响应特性的测试,这是该方法最突出的优点。实验证明该方法比较准确、简便、易于操作。在实验中,对两个不同的InGaAs p-i—n探测器进行测量,得到器件的3dB带宽分别为14．4GHz和40GHz。该测量方法对同类实验的研究和应用都具有实用意义。     

利用PCC技术预测γ射线对肝癌细胞的辐射效应

利用早熟染色体凝集技术预测研究了γ射线对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721的辐射效应。结果表明,G1和G2期细胞内的染色单体和等点染色单体断裂数与照射剂量之间存在线性相关性,染色单体断裂总数与细胞存活率之间存在良好的线性相关性。说明辐射诱导的染色单体断裂可以作为预测SMMC-7721细胞内在辐射敏感性的指标,也可为临床诊断和治疗肝癌提供依据。     

Modeling, measuring, and minimizing the instrument response function of a tunable diode laser spectrometer

The instrument response function (IRF) of a spectrometer limits the accuracy of measured spectroscopic parameters by broadening recorded spectral lines/features. We describe methods to model the effects of the IRF on spectral data, to minimize the IRF widths, and to measure the resulting width of the spectrometer IRF. We have modeled the IRF of our Tunable Diode Laser Spectrometer as a Voigt function. A real-time method of eliminating the effects of low-frequency spectrometer drift has been implemented and has resulted in a substantial reduction in the width of the IRF, its residual Gaussian component reduced from about to about . An accurate measurement of the IRF Gaussian width utilizes a computationally simple method making use of the spectral dependence of the RMS noise of each signal-averaged data point. Various noise sources affecting the spectrometer (preamp/detector noise, laser AM noise, and laser FM noise) are identified and separately quantified by use of the same method. The IRF Gaussian-width measurement can be automatically applied to each measured spectrum of an experimental data set. A related method is discussed which allows accurate determination of the spectral dependence of statistical noise appropriate for use in quantitative Chi-square fitting of absorption spectra. We explore simple, efficient numerical processes which can dramatically enhance the quality and usefulness of acquired spectral data, improving the ability to apply TDL spectroscopy to high-precision, quantitative measurements and the determination of detailed spectroscopic lineshape parameters. This paper provides a guide for interested readers to implement these developments in their own spectrometers.