混凝土冻融损伤本构模型研究

基于各向同性连续损伤力学理论,以损伤条件下的弹性模量和泊松比为变量,基于Ottosen理论模型建立了混凝土冻融损伤破坏准则,并以Ottosen本构理论模型为基础,利用建立的冻融损伤破坏准则构建了混凝土冻融损伤本构模型,并编制了本构模型有限元程序,经过试验验证模型计算结果较为准确,为有限元计算和冻融作用后混凝土结构模拟应...     

混凝土徐变应变全量递推方法研究及程序设计

混凝土在长期荷载作用下的徐变变形与应力作用历史密切相关,常见的徐变计算方法需记录每一步应力变化,占用大量的存储和计算空间,效率低;采用指数形式徐变度函数可利用指数特点建立只记录当前应力的增量递推式,但不适于应用更广泛的非指数函数形式徐变预测模型.应用徐变恢复理论和应力冲量持时函数,建立了不需记录全部应力历史的全量递推方...     

Recent developments in the HPLC separation of phenolic compounds

Phenolic compounds represent a class of highly complex naturally occurring molecules that possess a range of beneficial health properties. As a result, considerable attention has been devoted to the analysis of phenolics in a variety of samples. HPLC is the workhorse method for phenolic separation. However, conventional HPLC methods provide insufficient resolving power when faced with the complexity of real-world phenolic fractions. This limitation has been traditionally circumvented by extensive sample fractionation, multiple analysis methods and/or selective detection strategies. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for improved throughput and resolving power from the chromatographic methods used for phenolic analyses. Fortunately, during the last decade, a number of important technological advances in LC have demonstrated significant gains in terms of both speed and resolution. These include ultra high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC), high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC), multi-dimensional separations as well as various new stationary phase chemistries and morphologies. In recent years, these technologies have also found increasing application for phenolic analysis. This review seeks to provide an updated overview of the application of recent advances in HPLC to phenolic separation, with the emphasis on how these methodologies can contribute to improve performance in HPLC analysis of phenolics.     

New hierarchically porous titania monoliths for chromatographic separation media

Separation media based on hierarchically porous titania (TiO₂) monoliths for high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) have been successfully fabricated by the sol–gel process of titanium alkoxide in a mild condition utilizing a chelating agent and mineral salt. The as‐gelled TiO₂ monoliths were subjected to a simple solvent exchange process from ethanol (EtOH) to H₂O followed by drying and calcination. The resultant monolithic TiO₂ columns consist of anatase crystallites with the typical specific surface area of more than 200 m²/g. The resultant monolithic TiO₂ column calcined at 200 and 400°C exhibited a good separation performance for organophosphates as well as for polar benzene derivatives in the normal‐phase mode.     

基于纤维单元的钢筋混凝土桥墩地震损伤评价

基于纤维模型的粱柱单元特别是柔度法单元有着较高的计算精度,已被较多地用于评价钢筋混凝土桥墩的位移（廷性）能力。随着基于性能／位移抗震设计理论的发展,相继提出了残余位移、极限曲率及曲率延性系数、纵筋和混凝土的最大应变、纵筋低周疲劳损伤等桥墩地震损伤量化指标。选用刚度法和柔度法纤维单元,考虑材料非线性、几何非线性和结点锚固...     

高频燃烧红外分析法测定混凝土中的硫含量

采用高频红外碳硫仪快速测定混凝土中的硫含量.通过试验确定了适宜的分析条件:以水泥标准物质校正仪器,以铁屑、钨粒加锡粒为助熔剂,称样量为0.03～0.2g.用该法对4种混凝土样品进行测定,测定结果与化学法测定结果相吻合,5次测定结果的相对标准偏差不大于4%,精密度较为理想.     

Separation characteristics of fatty acid methyl esters using SLB-IL111, a new ionic liquid coated capillary gas chromatographic column

The ionic liquid SLB-IL111 column, available from Supelco Inc., is a novel fused capillary gas chromatography (GC) column capable of providing enhanced separations of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) compared to the highly polar cyanopropyl siloxane columns currently recommended for the separation of cis- and trans isomers of fatty acids (FAs), and marketed as SP-2560 and CP-Sil 88. The SLB-IL111 column was operated isothermal at 168°C, with hydrogen as carrier gas at 1.0 mL/min, and the elution profile was characterized using authentic GC standards and synthetic mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers as test mixtures. The SLB-IL111 column provided an improved separation of cis- and trans-18:1 and cis/trans CLA isomers. This is the first direct GC separation of c9,t11- from t7,c9-CLA, and t15-18:1 from c9-18:1, both of which previously required complimentary techniques for their analysis using cyanopropyl siloxane columns. The SLB-IL111 column also provided partial resolution of t13/t14-18:1, c8- from c6/c7-18:1, and for several t,t-CLA isomer pairs. This column also provided elution profiles of the geometric and positional isomers of the 16:1, 20:1 and 18:3 FAMEs that were complementary to those obtained using the cyanopropyl siloxane columns. However, on the SLB-IL111 column the saturated FAs eluted between the cis- and trans MUFAs unlike cyanopropyl siloxane columns that gave a clear separation of most saturated FAs. These differences in elution pattern can be exploited to obtain a more complete analysis of complex lipid mixtures present in ruminant fats.     

Optimization of performance of monolithic capillary column in gas chromatographic separations

Dependence of monolithic column efficiency on column pressure was analyzed using modified Van Deemter relationship with incorporated inlet and outlet column pressures as independent variables. It was demonstrated that the highest column efficiency is observed at high pressures. Inlet and outlet pressure increase has to be controlled in such a way that the relative pressure approaches 1 and the pressure drop across the column is close to zero. Experimental results obtained for open and monolithic capillary columns confirm up to 50% higher column efficiency as compared to column efficiency under standard conditions found using conventional Van Deemter plot. Pressure increase also results in a decrease in the optimal carrier gas velocity and corresponding increase in the analysis time. This drawback can be compensated via an increase in the column temperature.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定不锈钢中8种合金元素

采用硝酸-盐酸-水(1+3+6)混合酸溶液溶解不锈钢样品,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法同时测定试样溶液中铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛等8种合金元素。选择钇元素作为内标元素,选择波长为357.869,231.604,327.396,257.610,178.284,251.611,202.030,337.280 nm8条谱线依次作为铬、镍、铜、锰、磷、硅、钼和钛的分析线。方法用于分析了12种标准物质,测定值同证书值一致,各元素的相对标准偏差(n=7)均小于5.5%。     

热塑性纤维金属层合板舱内爆炸响应数值模拟

热塑性纤维金属层合板作为具备优良抗冲击潜能的复合材料,在舰船防护领域受到广泛关注。以热塑性纤维金属层合板为研究对象,基于封闭空间内爆炸载荷作用下层合板动态响应试验数据,以及通过代表体积元(representative volume element,RVE)方法计算得到的纤维板材料参数,开展了热塑性纤维增强金属层合板的数值模拟研究。通过试验结果与数值模拟结果的对比,验证了数值模拟方法的有效性,进一步分析了层合板的响应规律。所采用的热塑性纤维金属层合板舱内爆炸响应数值模拟方法对研究层合板抗冲击性能具有一定的借鉴意义,为相关研究的进一步开展提供了思路。