高渗压下水-岩相互作用试验研究

新研发的岩石高压渗透试验仪以静态伺服阀为主要控制元件,在脱离计算机控制条件下可使试样进水端水压保持不变。出水端水压采用调速阀控制,实现了高渗透压力下长时间的水-岩相互作用试验研究。在此基础上,提出了水-岩作用渗透液体不同时段各离子浓度变化的分析方法,并容易得到不同时段试样渗透性变化规律。为研究水-岩作用对岩石强度的影响,按基本相同条件,对该试样及未经长期水-岩渗流作用同一岩性试样进行了高渗压下的常规三轴试验,提出以试样临近破坏时的有效侧向应力大小进行强度分析,并按上述实际所加侧向压力大小及有效侧向压力大小,进行了常规饱水三轴压缩试验。试验得出,所研究蚀变岩在高渗压下水-岩作用结果与常温、常压条件测试结果类似,蚀变岩与库水的水化学反应微弱,对其自身岩体的渗透性及力学性质影响均较小。     

PREFACE

正Crystalline polymers exhibit their strong connections to our practical world.In synthetic polymer materials,crystallization brings fiber orientation-strengthening,rubber strain-hardening and plastic neck-toughening.Important properties such as hardness,thermal stability,anisotropic structures,etc.are endowed to the     

The mechanical response of core-shell structures for nanoporous metallic materials

Nanoporous gold (NP-Au) exhibits microscale plasticity, but macroscopically fails in a relatively brittle manner. This current study suggests that a core-shell structure can increase both ductility and strength of NP-Au. A core Au foam structure was created using conventional dealloying methods with average ligament size of 60?nm. Nickel was then electroplated on to the NP-Au with layer thicknesses ranging from 2.5?nm to 25?nm. Nanoindentation demonstrated a significant increase in the hardness of the coated Np-Au, to about five times of that of the pure Np-Au, and a decrease in creep by increasing the thickness of the coated Ni layer. Molecular dynamics simulations of Au–Ni ligaments show the same trend of strengthening behavior with increasing Ni thickness suggesting that the strengthening mechanisms of the Np-Au are comparable to those for fcc nano ligaments. The simulations demonstrate two different strengthening mechanisms with the increased activity of the twins in plated Au–Ni ligaments, which leads to more ductile behavior, as opposing to the monolithic Au ligaments where nucleation of dislocations govern the plasticity during loading.     

纤维布抗弯加固梁跨中剥离应力的近似计算

首先综述了纤维复合材料(FRP)抗弯加固梁中防剥离破坏的各种措施，分析了跨中混凝土保护层的剥离破坏机理，提出一个近似计算跨中保护层剥离应力上限的方法，可供防剥离设计参考。     

高熵合金的力学性能及变形行为研究进展

高熵合金是近年来提出的一种新的合金设计理念,打破了一般合金中以1种或2种元素为主,辅以极少量其他元素来改善合金性能的传统思想,由多种元素以等原子或近似等原子比混合后形成具有独特原子结构特征的单一固溶体合金.高熵合金的多主元特性使其在变形过程中表现出多重机制(包括位错机制、形变孪生、相变等)的协同,因而高熵合金已经展示了优异的力学性能,如高强、高硬、高塑性、抗高温软化、抗辐照、耐磨等,被认为是最具有应用潜力的新型高性能金属结构材料,已经成为国际固体力学和材料科学领域研究的热点.本文首先介绍了高熵合金独特的结构特征,即具有短程有序结构和严重的晶格畸变;随后对近年来针对不同类型高熵合金(包括具有面心立方相、体心立方相、密排六方相、多相以及亚稳态高熵合金)力学性能、变形行为方面的研究成果,特别是强韧化机制以及相关的原子尺度模拟,进行了较为系统的综述;最后强调了高熵合金未来研究中所面临的一些主要问题和挑战,并对其研究进行了展望.     

Glass Strengthening Using Ormosil Polymeric Coatings

Ormosil polymeric coatings comprised of an epoxy resin, an amine hardener and a silane have been applied to glass samples containing large, controlled defects introduced by Vicker's indentation. The coatings can completely overcome these controlled defects. The strengthening effect is due to penetration of the defects by the coatings. Therefore, the reactions between the components of these hybrid materials and the glass substrate are of crucial importance in determining both the degree of strengthening that is achieved and the hydrolytic durability of the coatings. The maximum strengthening effect of these ormosil polymeric coatings is obtained when 25% of the active hydrogen is supplied by the silane (7.2 wt% silane). More than 7.2 wt% silane reduces coating cohesion and thus gives a reduced strengthening effect. Studies on silane primed systems show that both good coating adhesion and cohesion are required for significant strengthening. Coatings with good adhesion also have greater hydrolytic durability.     

砖砌体房屋抽墙加固方案

某砖砌体房屋因功能改变而需要更大的使用空间，部分承重墙体的抽除导致传力途径的改变，进而需要对原有构件进行改造或加固．本方案针对其各部分具体情况的差异，分别采用了混凝土增大截面，并外包角钢加固柱、墙顶增设承重梁拉预应力螺杆加固承重墙底圈梁等方法，对原结构进行了局部加固．加固后5年多的使用表明加固效果良好．     

“强基计划”背景下高分子化学教学改革与探索*

为了服务国家重大战略需求,加强基础学科拔尖创新人才选拔培养,我校于2020年开展基础学科招生改革试点工作,即“强基计划”。“强基计划”中对化学专业采取的培养新举措,旨在培养具有扎实基础化学知识、熟练化学技能和胸怀空天报国理想的化学和应用化学专业本科生。这也将为我校航空航天特色高分子材料和技术的发展起到强有力的支撑和保障作用。针对“强基计划”背景下高分子化学课程的改革进行了探讨,采用以培养能力为主线、以启发式和拓展式教育为主的教学方法,将课堂教学、实验教学与课程设计相结合,有力地促进了教学质量的提高。     

A new micromechanics-based scale transition model for the strain-rate sensitive behavior of nanocrystalline materials

An original two-step “three phase” elastic–viscoplastic scale transition model is developed based on the combined self-consistent and Mori–Tanaka schemes. A coated inclusion is embedded within a matrix, wherein the inclusion represents grain interiors and the coating of the inclusion mimics the effects of grain boundaries and triple junctions. The predominant behavior within the grain interiors is captured through dislocation glide, whereas grain boundary (GB) dislocation emission and absorption, as well as thermally assisted GB sliding, describe the deformation processes within the coating describing the GB affected zone. Furthermore, an imperfect interface is assumed between the inclusion and the coating to account for viscoplastic grain boundary sliding along a stick-slip mechanism. Results and discussion focus on the competitive roles of GB sliding, GB dislocation emission/absorption, dislocation sweep in grain cores and collective dislocation plasticity, and the origins of the pronounced strain rate sensitivity of fcc NC materials.