Ac conductivity and dielectric behavior of hydrated homoionic alkali-cations-exchanged montmorillonite

The dielectric properties of a series of homoionic alkali-exchanged montmorillonites were studied at different treatment temperatures and various water loadings by means of complex impedance spectroscopy. To date, however, this method has been underutilized in clay minerals studies. The main objective of the present work is to understand the relaxation mechanisms of water molecules interacting with different hydration centers in clay minerals, with a view to eventually control their interactions with the alkali extra-framework cations. The other part of our study is to study the dielectric properties such as real and imaginary parts of dielectric permittivity, loss tangent, and ac conductivity in the frequency range 10^?2–10⁶?Hz and temperature range 173–333?K of these clay minerals. The obtained results have been discussed in terms of the Jonscher model.     

水平层状介质中电磁场并矢Green函数的一种快速新算法

本文利用提取直射波并结合自适应数字滤波等技术提出一种计算水平层状介质中电磁场并矢Green函数的快速算法. 首先将谱域Green函数中表征均匀介质作用的直射波提取出来并对其积分进行解析计算,这种处理降低了谱域Green函数的奇异性,可在很大程度上缩短其积分收敛区间. 然后在将谱域Green函数剩余部分对应积分转化为三个快速下降积分的基础上,引入一种自适应数字滤波算法对其进行快速求解. 最后通过具体算例验证了本文所述算法的有效性. 关键词： 并矢Green函数 快速算法 水平层状介质     

八角茴香与其伪品莽草的红外光谱三级鉴定研究

采用红外光谱三级鉴定的方法区分和鉴别了八角茴香及其伪品莽草。红外光谱三级鉴定即依次采用一维红外光谱、二阶导数谱和二维相关红外光谱,分辨率逐渐提高,谱图的差别也进一步放大。一维谱图中,两者整体峰形比较相似,但在3 400 cm-1附近八角茴香只出现一个特征峰3 392 cm-1,而莽草则出现3 482和3 387 cm-1两个特征峰。二阶导数谱在850～1 180 cm-1波段八角茴香的几个强峰峰强相对比较接近,其中1 015 cm-1为图中最强峰,而莽草的最强峰在1 070 cm-1附近;在1 180～1 500 cm-1波段八角茴香在1 469,1 454,1 442 cm-1附近的３个特征峰峰强明显强于1 292,1 276,1 266 cm-1附近的特征峰,而莽草则刚好相反。二维相关红外光谱中差异更明显,850～1 165 cm-1波段八角茴香在主对角线上的自动峰较强峰出现在1 153和1 000 cm-1,而莽草峰强较强的自动峰出现在911和878 cm-1;1 165～1 500 cm-1波段八角茴香呈现2个自动峰,而莽草则出现5个自动峰。可见红外三级鉴定方法是一种快速有效的鉴定中药材的方法。     

Singular perturbation of first boundary value problem for higher order elliptic equations (II)

In this paper we discuss singular perturbations of first boundary value problem for higher order elliptic equations of two parameter and obtain the asymptotic expression for the formal solution containing two-parameter as well as the estimation of its remainder term. These results are the extensions of (2) and (3).     

C1 Rational interpolating surface under local coordinate systems

A method of constructing rational interpolating surface under local coordinate systems is presented, which can be used to solve the large torsion problem of surfaces. This kind of surface has better approximating effect and its properties can be easily discussed, so it has practical applications not only in CAD but also infinite element analysis and other fields. An example is given in the paper.Projects Supported by the Science Fund of Education Committee.     

Iterated monoidal categories

We develop a notion of an n-fold monoidal category and show that it corresponds in a precise way to the notion of an n-fold loop space. Specifically, the group completion of the nerve of such a category is an n-fold loop space, and free n-fold monoidal categories give rise to a finite simplicial operad of the same homotopy type as the classical little cubes operad used to parametrize the higher H-space structure of an n-fold loop space. We also show directly that this operad has the same homotopy type as the n-th Smith filtration of the Barratt-Eccles operad and the n-th filtration of Berger's complete graph operad. Moreover, this operad contains an equivalent preoperad which gives rise to Milgram's small model for when n=2 and is very closely related to Milgram's model of for n>2.     

Ultrasonic stimulation of the brain to enhance the release of dopamine – A potential novel treatment for Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the decrease of dopamine (DA) production and release in the substantia nigra and striatum regions of the brain. Transcranial ultrasound has been exploited recently for neuromodulation of the brain in a number of fields. We have stimulated DA release in PC12 cells using low-intensity continuous ultrasound (0.1 W/cm² − 0.3 W/cm², 1 MHz), 12 h after exposure at 0.2 W/cm², 40 s, the amount of DA content eventually increased 78.5% (p = 0.004). After 10-day ultrasonic treatment (0.3 W/cm², 5 min/d), the DA content in the striatum of PD mice model restored to 81.07% of the control (vs 43.42% in the untreated PD mice model). In addition to this the locomotion activity was restored to the normal level after treatment. We suggest that the low intensity ultrasound-induced DA release can be attributed to a combination of neuron regeneration and improved membrane permeability produced by the mechanical force of ultrasound. Our study indicates that the application of transcranial ultrasound applied below FDA limits, could provide a candidate for relatively safe and noninvasive PD therapy through an amplification of DA levels and the stimulation of dopaminergic neuron regeneration without contrast agents.     

二维轴对称图象高阶胡氏不变矩快速算法的改进

提出了基于二维轴对称性目标图象矩快速算法的实用化改进方案.算法实用化改进是通过两个命题的证明实现的.一是通过轴对称目标图象质心在对称轴上的命题证明,实现了将二维轴对称图象矩快速算法用于轴对称性图象中心矩的计算;二是通过目标图象以坐标系中任意两点为圆心,旋转相同角度,结果图象具有平移性的命题证明,实现了算法用于对旋转不同角度的对称目标图象的中心矩的计算改进.在此基础上,完成了二维轴对称目标图象高阶胡氏不变矩实用化快速算法的实现.实验证明,该算法具有较好的实时性能,且具有较小的引入误差.     

The Influence of Dung Amendments on Dissolved Organic Matter in Grassland Soil Leachates - Preliminary Results from a Lysimeter Study

Abstract

Understanding the carbon (C) cycle in grassland pasture systems requires more information about the fate of decomposing dung material within the soil. In this soil lysimeter study we successfully applied the natural ¹³C abundance labelling technique to trace dung-C within a temperate grassland soil. Dung was collected from beef steers fed on either maize (a C₄ plant) or perennial ryegrass (a C₃ plant) silages, and applied to a freely draining (C₃) grassland soil. Leachates were collected from soil lysimeters (0–2.5) and (0–10 cm soil depth) to determine the organic carbon and ¹³C content of < 0.7 μm filtered solution. Leachates were taken from (i) control, no dung added, (ii) C₃ dung and (iii) C₄ dung amended soil. Results showed that, (i) the addition of dung resulted in a tenfold increase in C lost from the lysimeters in drainage waters, (ii) up to 50% of the C present in the leachates was ‘native’ soil C and (iii) the application of dung produced a ‘priming’ effect. Further work is required to verify; (i) whether increased leaching of native C following dung application is a ‘true priming’ phenomenon, or merely the result of ‘displacement’ or ‘pool substitution’ of soil C, and (ii) the precise conditions and mechanisms under which organic amendments induce a true ‘priming’ effect in grassland and other agricultural soils.     

Externally applied stress sign and film elastic properties effects on brittle film fracture

Rectangular stainless steel samples with TiN film deposited on the front lateral surface were loaded in three-point bending to the maximum normal strain of 6%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that vertical cracks appeared in the tension zone when the tensile strain exceeded 1.5%, while horizontal cracks appeared in the compression zone when the compressive strain exceeded –2.9%. Film cracks in the compressive zone originate from the tensile stress imposed by the plastically deformed substrate due to the Poisson’s expansion. Taking plastic deformation and Poisson’s expansion of the substrate in compression into account, theoretical analysis of normal stress distribution along the cracked film segment in compression is presented. Substrate strain and film elastic properties affect film cracking in the compressive zone. At larger compressive strain, some transverse cracks along with buckling cause the film spallation. The presented method is useful for studying brittle film fracture with variable strain levels in a single sample.