三峡库区典型塌岸模式研究

三峡库区塌岸地质条件调查结果表明,不同的岸坡结构,蓄水后库岸的变形破坏形式—塌岸模式,往往差别较大。本文根据现场调查成果,结合室内分析,总结归纳出三峡库区几种典型的塌岸模式,即冲蚀磨蚀型、坍塌型、崩塌(落)型、、滑移型和流土型。在此基础上,对不同塌岸模式的发展演进过程、发育分布特征,以及塌岸与岸坡岩土结构、地形地貌等的关系进行了深入系统地研究,提出了三峡库区典型塌岸发育的一般地质条件。     

龙滩水电工程左岸B区边坡压脚工程效果分析

龙滩水电工程左岸蠕变体B区边坡的变形和稳定是工程安全的关键。根据边坡地质与稳定性分析,边坡的整体稳定性主要取决于坡脚岩体的稳定性,因此,B区边坡治理采取了压脚的工程措施。本文采用数值模拟方法(三维离散单元法)分析了压脚前后B区边坡的整体稳定性,结果表明B区边坡压脚工程可有效控制边坡岩体的变形。同时,数值分析结果也与边坡地表和深部位移动态监测结果一致,证明了压脚工程的显著效果。     

混沌时间序列预测的局域法在边坡变形分析中的应用

边坡作为一个复杂系统,其本身的各种参量是不确定的和随机的,在其演化过程中,表现出复杂的非线性行为,发生一系列的混沌现象。本文运用现代混沌理论,对边坡变形的预测问题进行探索性研究,把混沌时间序列理论引入到边坡工程研究中,对该理论的建立及预测方法进行系统地讨论,为该领域的研究提供完整的技术方法。通过对新滩滑坡的研究结果表明,混沌时间序列方法对混沌序列的预测较线性时间序列具有较高的精度。     

五强溪水电站左岸船闸边坡综合治理方法

分析了五强溪水电站左岸船闸边坡岩体结构特征,介绍了基于工程地质力学综合集成方法论所形成的综合治理的方法。提出了在阻断或削弱引起边坡变形的外在因素的基础上,通过工程处理与加固,以达到提高其边坡稳定性之目的的五强溪边坡治理模式。作者还以大量的监测资料对该边坡综合治理的效果作了论证。该边坡治理设计思路和采用的加固技术,可望为同类条件下的边坡设计和施工提供借鉴。     

关于地质工程设计中突破口预测方法的研究

理论研究及工程实践都已表明, 地质工程的破坏往往是从某些特定的部位开始逐渐发展起来的。据此而提出的优先监测突破口和重点加固突破口这两个设计原则, 已被成功地应用于一些地质工程并被证明具有重要实用价值。所以, 对于一个具体地质工程来说, 如何确定该工程可能出现的突破口的部位, 便成为工程设计的重要步骤之一。本文拟从突破观点出发, 讨论确定突破口的几种主要方法。最后作者还将结合五强溪水电站左岸船闸边坡工程的实际应用进一步加以说明。     

Tunable distributed feedback lasing with low threshold and high slope efficiency from electroluminescent conjugated polymer waveguide

We present here tunable lasing from holographic distributed feedback (DFB) resonator of electroluminescent conjugated polymer waveguide. Tunable holographic lasing from 560 to 590 nm was simply achieved by rotating a Lloyd-mirror waveguide configuration. Lasing performance for the first order (m = 1) is superior to that for the second order (m = 2). Threshold for lasing for m = 1 is in the range of 25 to 50 μJ/cm²/pulse, which is close to that for amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), and that for m = 2 is larger than 104 μJ/cm²/pulse. For m = 1, slope efficiency of 7.3% including ASE in addition to lasing emission was measured, whereas for m = 2 slope efficiency between 0.1 and 0.2% was measured.     

On the slopes of semistable representations of tame quivers

Stability conditions play an important role in the study of representations of a quiver. In the present paper, we study semistable representations of quivers. In particular, we describe the slopes of semistable representations of a tame quiver for a fixed stability condition.     

坡地植物反射高光谱影响因子分析

在坡地植物遥感监测过程中,很多相关因素的变化会对监测结果产生不容忽视的影响。本文对坡地植物的坡度、坡向、探测天顶角以及不同植物类型等因素进行了分析。为了加强理论探讨,研究在实验室条件下进行,并对均匀坡坡地植物进行了模拟。通过试验发现这些因素对植物高光谱遥感都有影响。当仅坡度变化时,在0°～36°坡度范围内,坡地植物反射比随坡度增大而先增大后减小;当仅探测天顶角变化时,随着探测天顶角的增大,坡地植物在可见光波段光谱特征变化并不明显,在近红外波段反射比逐渐减小;当仅坡向变化时,坡面越转向迎光方向,坡地植物反射比越大,且以入射面与坡面的垂直交线为轴,轴两侧坡向植物叶片反射比基本成对称分布;另外,不同植物类型其光谱曲线有较大差异,即植物类型的差异同样会对坡地植物高光谱遥感产生影响。本研究突破了传统遥感垂直收集数据的局限,利用多角度、高光谱信息进行坡地植物光谱特性分析。坡地植物的高光谱遥感研究对定量遥感的发展有一定的理论意义,同时对植物遥感监测有一定的应用价值。     

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设计了基于数字信号处理技术的混合式长时间积分器,利用DSP计算出一定时间t内积分器的漂移斜率,从而计算出漂移量,进行扣除,达到减少漂移的目的。EAST装置上的实验结果证明,积分器解决了零点漂移的问题,适合于托卡马克放电实验中诊断信号的测量。     

Steady and transient sliding under rate-and-state friction

The physics of dry friction is often modelled by assuming that static and kinetic frictional forces can be represented by a pair of coefficients usually referred to as μ_s and μ_k, respectively. In this paper we re-examine this discontinuous dichotomy and relate it quantitatively to the more general, and smooth, framework of rate-and-state friction. This is important because it enables us to link the ideas behind the widely used static and dynamic coefficients to the more complex concepts that lie behind the rate-and-state framework. Further, we introduce a generic framework for rate-and-state friction that unifies different approaches found in the literature.We consider specific dynamical models for the motion of a rigid block sliding on an inclined surface. In the Coulomb model with constant dynamic friction coefficient, sliding at constant velocity is not possible. In the rate-and-state formalism steady sliding states exist, and analysing their existence and stability enables us to show that the static friction coefficient μ_s should be interpreted as the local maximum at very small slip rates of the steady state rate-and-state friction law.Next, we revisit the often-cited experiments of Rabinowicz (J. Appl. Phys., 22:1373–1379, 1951). Rabinowicz further developed the idea of static and kinetic friction by proposing that the friction coefficient maintains its higher and static value μ_s over a persistence length before dropping to the value μ_k. We show that there is a natural identification of the persistence length with the distance that the block slips as measured along the stable manifold of the saddle point equilibrium in the phase space of the rate-and-state dynamics. This enables us explicitly to define μ_s in terms of the rate-and-state variables and hence link Rabinowicz's ideas to rate-and-state friction laws.This stable manifold naturally separates two basins of attraction in the phase space: initial conditions in the first one lead to the block eventually stopping, while in the second basin of attraction the sliding motion continues indefinitely. We show that a second definition of μ_s is possible, compatible with the first one, as the weighted average of the rate-and-state friction coefficient over the time the block is in motion.