全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2944篇 |
免费 | 1212篇 |
国内免费 | 607篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 2896篇 |
晶体学 | 58篇 |
力学 | 265篇 |
综合类 | 12篇 |
数学 | 138篇 |
物理学 | 1394篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 19篇 |
2023年 | 91篇 |
2022年 | 213篇 |
2021年 | 229篇 |
2020年 | 358篇 |
2019年 | 307篇 |
2018年 | 300篇 |
2017年 | 380篇 |
2016年 | 440篇 |
2015年 | 393篇 |
2014年 | 456篇 |
2013年 | 487篇 |
2012年 | 314篇 |
2011年 | 220篇 |
2010年 | 120篇 |
2009年 | 81篇 |
2008年 | 58篇 |
2007年 | 39篇 |
2006年 | 28篇 |
2005年 | 19篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 14篇 |
2001年 | 20篇 |
2000年 | 18篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 12篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4763条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
141.
Candy Haley Yi Xuan Lim Milos Nesladek Prof. Kian Ping Loh 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(1):215-219
Using IR spectroscopy, high‐pressure reactions of molecules were observed in liquids entrapped by graphene nanobubbles formed at the graphene–diamond interface. Nanobubbles formed on graphene as a result of thermally induced bonding of its edges with diamond are highly impermeable, thus providing a good sealing of solvents within. Owing to the optical transparency of graphene and diamond, high‐pressure chemical reactions within the bubbles can be probed with vibrational spectroscopy. By monitoring the conformational changes of pressure‐sensitive molecules, the pressure within the nanobubble can be calibrated as a function of temperature and it is about 1 GPa at 600 K. The polymerization of buckministerfullerene (C60), which is symmetrically forbidden under ambient conditions, is observed to proceed in well‐defined stages in the pressurized nanobubbles. 相似文献
142.
Large Hexagonal Bi‐ and Trilayer Graphene Single Crystals with Varied Interlayer Rotations 下载免费PDF全文
Zheng Yan Yuanyue Liu Long Ju Zhiwei Peng Dr. Jian Lin Dr. Gunuk Wang Dr. Haiqing Zhou Changsheng Xiang E. L. G. Samuel Carter Kittrell Dr. Vasilii I. Artyukhov Prof. Feng Wang Prof. Boris I. Yakobson Prof. James M. Tour 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(6):1565-1569
Bi‐ and trilayer graphene have attracted intensive interest due to their rich electronic and optical properties, which are dependent on interlayer rotations. However, the synthesis of high‐quality large‐size bi‐ and trilayer graphene single crystals still remains a challenge. Here, the synthesis of 100 μm pyramid‐like hexagonal bi‐ and trilayer graphene single‐crystal domains on Cu foils using chemical vapor deposition is reported. The as‐produced graphene domains show almost exclusively either 0° or 30° interlayer rotations. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that bilayer graphene domains with 0° interlayer stacking angles were Bernal stacked. Based on first‐principle calculations, it is proposed that rotations originate from the graphene nucleation at the Cu step, which explains the origin of the interlayer rotations and agrees well with the experimental observations. 相似文献
143.
Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis of Nano SnO2/Graphene Composite from Coarse Metallic Sn and Graphite Oxide: An Outstanding Anode Material for Lithium‐Ion Batteries 下载免费PDF全文
Fei Ye Bote Zhao Prof. Ran Ran Prof. Zongping Shao 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(14):4055-4063
A facile method for the large‐scale synthesis of SnO2 nanocrystal/graphene composites by using coarse metallic Sn particles and cheap graphite oxide (GO) as raw materials is demonstrated. This method uses simple ball milling to realize a mechanochemical reaction between Sn particles and GO. After the reaction, the initial coarse Sn particles with sizes of 3–30 μm are converted to SnO2 nanocrystals (approximately 4 nm) while GO is reduced to graphene. Composite with different grinding times (1 h 20 min, 2 h 20 min or 8 h 20 min, abbreviated to 1, 2 or 8 h below) and raw material ratios (Sn:GO, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, w/w) are investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The as‐prepared SnO2/graphene composite with a grinding time of 8 h and raw material ratio of 1:1 forms micrometer‐sized architected chips composed of composite sheets, and demonstrates a high tap density of 1.53 g cm?3. By using such composites as anode material for LIBs, a high specific capacity of 891 mA h g?1 is achieved even after 50 cycles at 100 mA g?1. 相似文献
144.
Inside Cover: Rational Design of Carboxyl Groups Perpendicularly Attached to a Graphene Sheet: A Platform for Enhanced Biosensing Applications (Chem. Eur. J. 1/2014) 下载免费PDF全文
145.
Solar Hydrogen from an Aqueous,Noble‐Metal‐Free Hybrid System in a Continuous‐Flow Sampling Reaction System 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Xiaobo Li Dr. Antony J. Ward Prof. Anthony F. Masters Prof. Thomas Maschmeyer 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(24):7345-7350
We introduce the visible‐light photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction as catalyzed by a cobaloxime/carbon nitride (C3N4) noble‐metal‐free hybrid photosystem by using a continuous‐flow sampling reaction system. The photocatalytic H2 evolution rate is highly dependent on the structure of C3N4, in which porous C3N4 shows the best activity compared with bulk C3N4 (lamellar) and C3N4 nanosheets. When using porous C3N4, the system is neither affected by the solution pH, nor the C3N4 concentration, nor the structure of the cobaloxime complex. 相似文献
146.
Stefania Sandoval Nitesh Kumar Dr. A. Sundaresan Prof. C. N. R. Rao Prof. Amparo Fuertes Dr. Gerard Tobias 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(38):11999-12003
Nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (N‐doped RGO) samples with a high level of doping, up to 13 wt. %, have been prepared by annealing graphene oxide under a flow of pure ammonia. The presence of nitrogen within the structure of RGO induces a remarkable increase in the thermal stability against oxidation by air. The thermal stability is closely related with the temperature of synthesis and the nitrogen content. The combustion reaction of nitrogen in different coordination environments (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and graphitic) is analyzed against a graphene fragment (undoped) from a thermodynamic point of view. In agreement with the experimental observations, the combustion of undoped graphene turns out to be more spontaneous than when nitrogen atoms are present. 相似文献
147.
Performance Enhancement of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with Direct Growth of CdS‐Cluster‐Decorated Graphene Nanosheets 下载免费PDF全文
Kai Yuan Prof. Dr. Lie Chen Dr. Licheng Tan Prof. Dr. Yiwang Chen 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2014,20(20):6010-6018
Two‐dimensional graphene–CdS (G–CdS) semiconductor hybrid nanosheets were synthesized in situ by graphene oxide (GO) quantum wells and a metal–xanthate precursor through a one‐step growth process. Incorporation of G–CdS nanosheets into a photoactive film consisting of poly[4,8‐bis‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl‐thiophene‐5‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐[2‐(2‐ethyl‐hexanoyl)‐thieno[3,4‐b]thiophen‐4,6‐diyl] (PBDTTT‐C‐T) and [6,6]‐phenyl C70 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) effectively decreases the exciton lifetime to accelerate exciton dissociation. More importantly, the decreasing energy levels of PBDTTT‐C‐T, PC70BM, and G–CdS produces versatile heterojunction interfaces of PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM, PBDTTT‐C‐T:G–CdS, and PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM:G–CdS; this offers multi‐charge‐transfer channels for more efficient charge separation and transfer. The charge transfer in the blend film also depends on the G–CdS nanosheet loadings. In addition, G–CdS nanosheets improve light utilization and charge mobility in the photoactive layer. As a result, by incorporation of G–CdS nanosheets into the active layer, the power‐conversion efficiency of inverted solar cells based on PBDTTT‐C‐T and PC71BM is improved from 6.0 % for a reference device without G–CdS nanosheets to 7.5 % for the device with 1.5wt % G–CdS nanosheets, due to the dramatically enhanced short‐circuit current. Combined with the advantageous mechanical properties of the PBDTTT‐C‐T:PC70BM:G–CdS active layer, the novel CdS‐cluster‐decorated graphene hybrid nanomaterials provide a promising approach to improve the device performance. 相似文献
148.
煤层气(矿井瓦斯)是一种有望替代传统化石燃料,如煤、石油和天然气的非常规气体. 作为可得的清洁能源,它的利用被认为是节能和经济的选择. 在本工作中,非金属原子X(X=H,O,N,S,P,Si,F,Cl)修饰的石墨烯(Gr)被用来代表具有结构异性的煤表面模型. 通过密度泛函理论系统地研究了煤层气组分Y(Y=CH4,CO2,H2O)在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附作用. 结果表明Y在非金属原子修饰石墨烯上的吸附均为物理吸附. 态密度和差分电荷密度共同表明了这种弱的相互作用.其中,H和Cl对CH4的作用较大; N、O、F、Cl对CO2的作用较强; N,Cl对H2O的影响不容忽视. 总的来说,吸附能大小依次为:H2O>CO2>CH4. 因此,在CH4富集的煤层里注入H2O或CO2可以与CH4形成竞争吸附,进而提高煤层气采收率. 本工作提供了在分子水平下煤层气与非金属原子修饰石墨烯之间的相互作用的详情,并为煤层瓦斯的开采与分离提供了有用的信息. 相似文献
149.
Highly Active Bidirectional Electron Transfer by a Self‐Assembled Electroactive Reduced‐Graphene‐Oxide‐Hybridized Biofilm 下载免费PDF全文
Prof. Yang‐Chun Yong Yang‐Yang Yu Prof. Xinhai Zhang Prof. Hao Song 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(17):4480-4483
Low extracellular electron transfer performance is often a bottleneck in developing high‐performance bioelectrochemical systems. Herein, we show that the self‐assembly of graphene oxide and Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 formed an electroactive, reduced‐graphene‐oxide‐hybridized, three‐dimensional macroporous biofilm, which enabled highly efficient bidirectional electron transfers between Shewanella and electrodes owing to high biomass incorporation and enhanced direct contact‐based extracellular electron transfer. This 3D electroactive biofilm delivered a 25‐fold increase in the outward current (oxidation current, electron flux from bacteria to electrodes) and 74‐fold increase in the inward current (reduction current, electron flux from electrodes to bacteria) over that of the naturally occurring biofilms. 相似文献
150.
Functionalized Graphene as a Gatekeeper for Chiral Molecules: An Alternative Concept for Chiral Separation 下载免费PDF全文
Andreas W. Hauser Narbe Mardirossian Julien A. Panetier Martin Head‐Gordon Alexis T. Bell Peter Schwerdtfeger 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(37):9957-9960
We propose a new method of chiral separation using functionalized nanoporous graphene as an example. Computational simulations based on density functional theory show that the attachment of a suitable chiral “bouncer” molecule to the pore rim prevents the passage of the undesired enantiomer while letting its mirror image through. 相似文献