全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1600篇 |
免费 | 117篇 |
国内免费 | 63篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 545篇 |
晶体学 | 30篇 |
力学 | 543篇 |
综合类 | 8篇 |
数学 | 169篇 |
物理学 | 485篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 35篇 |
2020年 | 65篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 36篇 |
2017年 | 54篇 |
2016年 | 52篇 |
2015年 | 57篇 |
2014年 | 77篇 |
2013年 | 109篇 |
2012年 | 58篇 |
2011年 | 80篇 |
2010年 | 77篇 |
2009年 | 100篇 |
2008年 | 108篇 |
2007年 | 113篇 |
2006年 | 93篇 |
2005年 | 63篇 |
2004年 | 77篇 |
2003年 | 67篇 |
2002年 | 49篇 |
2001年 | 45篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 40篇 |
1998年 | 31篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 15篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 13篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 9篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 6篇 |
1984年 | 7篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1780条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
101.
LIN Hong-Wei 《结构化学》2007,26(7):773-776
A new Schiff base compound, C13H9Br2N3O2·CH3OH, isonicotinic acid [1-(3,5- dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)methylidene]hydrazide methanol, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound comprises a Schiff base moiety isonicotinic acid [1-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene]hydrazide and a methanol molecule. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 8.464(1), b = 9.511(2), c = 10.901(2) , α = 92.940(2), β = 110.456(2), γ = 96.040(2)o, Z = 2, V = 814.0(2) 3, Dc = 1.759 g/cm3, Mr = 431.09, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 , μ = 4.994 mm-1, F(000) = 424, R = 0.0440 and wR = 0.1061. A total of 3284 unique reflections were collected, of which 2197 with I > 2σ(I) were observed. The molecule adopts a trans configuration about the C=N double bond. The dihedral angle between the benzene and pyridine rings is 22.0(4)o. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular O-H···N and C-H···O hydrogen bonds, forming layers parallel to the ac plane. The preliminary biological tests show that the compound has potential antibacterial activities. 相似文献
102.
An inorganic-organic hybrid thioantimonate(Ⅲ) [CH3(CH2)3NH3]2Sb4S7 1 with layered structure was synthesized by solvothermal method.1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P with a = 7.0124(11), b = 11.919(2), c = 14.879(3) (A), α = 108.791(3), β = 102.441(3), γ = 92.846(2)o, V = 1140.1(3) (A)3, Mr = 859.71, Z = 2, Dc = 2.504 g/cm3, μ= 5.324 mm-1, F(000) = 804, S = 1.013, the final R = 0.0297 and wR = 0.0618 for 3534 observed reflections with I>2σ(I). 1 consists of [C4H9NH3] cations and two-dimensional [Sb4S7]n2n-anion which is composed of three SbS3 trigonal pyramids and one SbS4 unit joined by sharing common corners. The anionic layers are stacked perpendicularly to the c axis of the unit cell forming two-dimensional channels between the layers. The [C4H9NH3] cations interdigitate in a bilayer and reside in the 2D channels leading to a sandwich-like arrangement of the anion and cations. 相似文献
103.
Exfoliated polystyrene (PS)/laponite nanocomposites were prepared successfully. The characteristic doo1 diffraction peak of organo-laponite disappeared in the XRD patterns of nanocomposites, indicating that the laponite layers were exfoliated and the ordered crystal structure of laponite was destroyed because of the styrene polymerization. TEM observations showed that the exfoliated laponite primary particles were dispersed randomly in the PS matrix with lateral dimensions from 1 nm to 10 rim. SEM results showed that the PS/laponite nanocomposite particles were almost monodispersed spheres with the size of about 120 rim. Because of the interaction between PS and laponite nanolayers, the nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature when compared to pure PS. 相似文献
104.
《Physics letters. A》2014,378(38-39):2876-2880
In recent years, synthesizing inorganic nanostructures such as boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) has led to extensive studies on their exceptional properties. In this study, the torsional vibration behavior of boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) is explored on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The results show that the torsional frequency is sensitive to geometrical parameters such as length and boundary conditions. The axial vibration is found to be induced by torsional vibration of nanotubes which can cause instability in the nanostructure. It is also observed that the torsional frequency of BNNTs is higher than that of their carbon counterpart. Moreover, the shear modulus is predicted by incorporating MD simulation numerical results into torsional vibration frequency obtained through continuum-based model of tubes. Finally, it is seen that the torsional frequency of double-walled boron-nitride nanotubes (DWBNNTs) is between the frequencies of their constituent inner and outer tubes. 相似文献
105.
106.
Jeffrey M. Bergthorson Michael B. Johnson Aristides M. Bonanos Michael Slessor Wei-Jen Su Paul E. Dimotakis 《Flow, Turbulence and Combustion》2009,83(2):269-292
The mixing and flowfield of a complex geometry, similar to a rearward-facing step flow but with injection, is studied. A subsonic
top-stream is expanded over a perforated ramp at an angle of 30°, through which a secondary stream is injected. The mass flux
of the second stream is chosen to be insufficient to provide the entrainment requirements of the shear layer, which, as a
consequence, attaches to the lower guidewall. Part of the flow is directed upstream forming a re-entrant jet within the recirculation
zone that enhances mixing and flameholding. A control-volume model of the flow is found to be in good agreement with the variation
of the overall pressure coefficient of the device with variable mass injection. The flowfield response to changing levels
of heat release is also quantified. While increased heat release acts somewhat analogously to increased mass injection, fundamental
differences in the flow behaviour are observed. The hypergolic hydrogen-fluorine chemical reaction employed allows the level
of molecular mixing in the flow to be inferred. The amount of mixing is found to be higher in the expansion-ramp geometry
than in classical free-shear layers. As in free-shear layers, the level of mixing is found to decrease with increasing top-stream
velocity. Results for a similar configuration with supersonic flow in the top stream are reported in Part II of this two-part
series. 相似文献
107.
The thermal lensing effect of the Copper Vapor Laser (CVL) was studied by considering both its windows and the active medium. The equivalent combined focal length of the active medium and windows was measured to be 52 mts under operating conditions for a 35W CVL. The variation of focal length with the operating parameters was studied. 相似文献
108.
Shear banding occurs in the flow of complex fluids: various types of shear thinning and shear thickening micelle solutions
and liquid crystals. In order to cope with the strongly inhomogeneous interface between the bands, constitutive models used
in standard rheology must be supplemented by non-local terms. This leads rather generally to non-linear partial differential
equations of the reaction-diffusion type. We use this formalism in order to explain some observed experimental features and
as a guide for future research in this field.
Received: 17 May 1999/Accepted: 3 August 1999 相似文献
109.
Most methods of measuring the interfacial tension between two immiscible polymers are based on the analysis of the shape
that a drop of one polymer immersed in the other one exhibits under the action of flow or gravity. In such a situation, the
small, yet nonzero mutual solubility between the two polymers acts toward mass transfer between the drop and the surrounding
fluid. In this work, diffusion effects on the interfacial tension of the pair polyisobutylene/polydimethylsiloxane have been
investigated by drop deformation under shear flow. When the drop was made of polyisobutylene, drop size decreased with time
due to diffusion. Drop shrinkage was associated with a significant increase in interfacial tension, until an apparent plateau
value was reached. The effect was attributed to a selective migration of molecular weights, which would act to enrich the
drop with higher molar mass material. To support such an interpretation, drop viscosity was evaluated by drop shape analysis
and it was actually found to increase with time. In some cases, the ratio between drop and continuous phase viscosity became
higher than the critical value for drop breakup in shear flow. Upon inverting the phases (i.e., when the drop was made of
polydimethylsiloxane), no significant transient effects were observed. In the light of these results, the problem of what
are the correct values of interfacial tension and viscosity ratio for a polymer blend of a certain composition will also be
discussed.
Received: 25 January 1999 Accepted: 24 May 1999 相似文献
110.
The effect of enzymes: lipase from Candida cylindracea (LCc), phospholipase A2 from hog pancreas (PLA2) and phospholipase C from Bacillus cereus (PLC) to modulate wetting properties of solid supported phospholipid bilayers was studied via advancing and receding contact angle measurements of water, formamide and diiodomethane, and calculation of the surface free energy and its components from van Oss et al. (LWAB) and contact angle hysteresis (CAH) approaches. Simultaneously, topography of the studied layers was determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The investigated lipid bilayers were transferred on mica plates from subphase of pure water by means of Langmuir-Blodgett and Langmuir-Schaefer techniques. The investigated phospolipid layers were: saturated DPPC (1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), unsaturated DOPC (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), and their mixture DPPC/DOPC. The obtained results revealed that the lipid membrane degradation by the enzymes caused increase in its surface free energy due to the amphiphilic hydrolysis products, which may accumulate in the lipid bilayer. In result activity of the enzymes may increase and then break down the bilayer structure takes place. It is likely that after dissolution of the hydrolysis reaction products in the bulk phase, patches of bare mica surface are accessible, which contribute to the apparent surface free energy changes. Comparison of AFM images and the free energy changes of the layers gives better insight into changes of their properties. The observed gradual increase in the layer surface free energy allows controlling of the hydrolysis process to obtain the surfaces of defined properties. 相似文献