Radiative heat transfer between two concentric spheres separated by a two-phase mixture of non-gray gas and particles using the modified discrete-ordinates method

The radiative heat transfer between two concentric spheres separated by a two-phase mixture of non-gray gas and a cloud of particles is investigated by using the combined finite-volume and discrete-ordinates method, named modified discrete-ordinates method (MDOM), which integrates the radiative transfer equation (RTE) over a control volume and a control angle simultaneously like in the finite-volume method (FVM) and treats the angular derivative terms due to spherical geometry as the conventional discrete-ordinates method (DOM). The radiative properties involving non-gray gas and particle behavior are modeled by using the extended weighted sum of gray gases model (WSGGM) with particles. Mathematical formulation and final discretization equations for the RTE are introduced by considering the behavior of a two-phase mixture of non-gray gas and particles in a spherically symmetric concentric enclosure. The present approach is validated by comparing with the results of previous works including gray and non-gray radiative heat transfer. Finally, a detailed investigation of the radiative heat transfer with non-gray gases and/or a two-phase mixture is conducted to examine the dependence of the radiative heat transfer upon temperature ratio between inner and outer spherical enclosure, particle concentration, and particle temperature.     

An overview of the formulation,existence and uniqueness issues for the initial value problem raised by the dynamics of discrete systems with unilateral contact and dry friction

In the end of the seventies, Schatzman and Moreau undertook to revisit the venerable dynamics of rigid bodies with contact and dry friction in the light of more recent mathematics. One claimed objective was to reach, for the first time, a mathematically consistent formulation of an initial value problem associated with the dynamics. The purpose of this article is to make a review of the today state-of-art concerning not only the formulation, but also the issues of existence and uniqueness of solution.     

不同形貌ZnSe的制备及光电化学性能

采用水热法制备了ZnSe纳米棒和微球, 用XRD, TGA-DTA和SEM等技术对其进行了表征, 提出了解释ZnSe微球的形成新机理. 研究结果表明, 纳米棒直径为50~100 nm, 棒长约为200~300 nm, ZnSe微球直径为3~10 μm.; 纳米棒在反应温度为240 ℃时具有闪锌矿和纤维锌矿型混晶结构, 微球在反应温度为210 ℃时具有闪锌矿结构; 将ZnSe纳米棒和微球均匀地涂在导电玻璃的导电面上, 于380 ℃煅烧40 min后制成膜电极, 并进行了光电化学研究, 纳米棒膜结构电极最高单色光的光电转换效率(IPCE)可达到9.09%.     

CO2 Adsorption Study of Potassium-Based Activation of Carbon Spheres

The adsorption properties of microporous spherical carbon materials obtained from the resorcinol-formaldehyde resin, treated in a solvothermal reactor heated with microwaves and then subjected to carbonization, are presented. The potassium-based activation of carbon spheres was carried out in two ways: solution-based and solid-based methods. The effect of various factors, such as chemical agent selection, chemical activating agent content, and the temperature or time of activation, was investigated. The influence of microwave treatment on the adsorption properties was also investigated and described. The adsorption performance of carbon spheres was evaluated in detail by examining CO₂ adsorption from the gas phase.     

一致性绕射理论求解球面反射点的快速方法

射线寻迹是应用一致性几何绕射理论分析电大尺寸目标电磁辐射和散射特性的关键,它的精度和速度对场值求解结果影响很大。根据反射定律,推导得出了球面反射点的参量必须满足的一元四次方程,通过求解方程得到球面反射点。给出了应用此方法得到的部分球面反射点,并给出了球柱模型附近半波振子天线的远场方向图。一致性绕射理论结果与FEKO仿真结果吻合较好。     

直角平面区域内固定圆形刚性夹杂问题的Green函数解

利用复变函数法、多极坐标移动技术研究了直角平面区域内含有固定圆形夹杂时的反平面问题Green函数解.首先构造出不含夹杂的完整直角平面区域内满足边界应力条件的入射位移场;其次,建立直角平面区域内固定圆形夹杂对该入射场产生的满足直角边界应力自由条件的散射波解,并由叠加原理得到介质内的总波场.最后利用夹杂边界处的位移条件确定出散射波解中的未知系数,最终得到问题的Green函数解,还通过算例讨论了夹杂边界处的径向应力和环向应力随不同波数、角度和不同夹杂位置及不同点源位置的变化情况.算例结果表明了该文方法的有效实用性.     

CoS2/N-Doped Hollow Spheres as an Anode Material for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries

In this work, we first synthesized polyacrylic acid (PAA) spheres and then used PAA as a template to load Co(OH)₂ particles onto its surface. The product of CoS₂ nanoparticles dispersed in N-doped hollow spheres (N-HCS) was prepared through sulfurization treatment (CoS₂/S@N-HCS). During the sulfuration process, sulfur penetrates into the PAA, embedding into the graphite layer along with the carbonization process. It was found that during the charging and discharging process, the sulfur in the carbon layer will gradually dissolve out, thereby forming new ion diffusion channels in the carbon spheres and exposing more CoS₂ active sites. The CoS₂/S@N-HCS composite exhibits a specific capacity of 729.6 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹. The sodium-storage mechanism and reaction kinetics of the materials were further measured by in-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, ex-situ X-ray diffraction, capacitance performance evaluation, and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique. The excellent cycling performance and rate capability demonstrated that the CoS₂/S@N-HCS is a potential and prospective anode material for sodium-ion batteries.     

Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol Using Cobalt Oxide Supported Inside and Outside Hollow Carbon Spheres

Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (6 nm) supported both inside and outside of hollow carbon spheres (HCSs) were synthesized by using two different polymer templates. The oxidation of benzyl alcohol was used as a model reaction to evaluate the catalysts. PXRD studies indicated that the Co oxidation state varied for the different catalysts due to reduction of the Co by the carbon, and a metal oxidation step prior to the benzyl alcohol oxidation enhanced the catalytic activity. The metal loading influenced the catalytic efficiency, and the activity decreased with increasing metal loading, possibly due to pore filling effects. The catalysts showed similar activity and selectivity (to benzaldehyde) whether placed inside or outside the HCS (63 % selectivity at 50 % conversion). No poisoning was observed due to product build up in the HCS.     

氨基硅球及其复合材料的合成与金属离子吸附

采用一锅法制备单分散氨基功能化氧化硅球(AFS),再利用水热法合成了AFS石墨烯气凝胶复合材料(AFSGA)。利用X射线衍射、显色反应、扫描电镜、红外光谱等手段对AFS和AFSGA进行表征,考察了催化剂用量、有机硅源的种类及硅酸乙酯与硅源的加入比例等因素对AFS的形貌、表面结构与性质以及对重金属离子吸附性能的影响。采用X射线荧光法测试了AFS和AFSGA对多种重金属离子的吸附特性,二者对Hg²⁺的吸附量分别为142.3和102.84 mg/g。单分散AFS是一种合成流程便捷、应用经济性优异的吸附材料,而超轻、结构稳定性良好的AFSGA更具有易于回收与重复利用的应用优势。     

Anisotropic Atomic Displacement Parameters and Molecular Motions in Mesogenic Crystals

Abstract

In this paper we describe the results of vibrational analysis of molecules in the crystalline phase of three mesogenic compounds of the series n-alkyl cyclohexyl cyanophenyl pyrimidine from experimental atomic displacement parameters using the rigid body model of Cruickshank. The rigid body model has been applied so far for estimation of corrections in bond lengths arising from the librational modes of motion. We have undertaken this vibrational analysis to find out whether we can get any idea about the transition from crystalline to liquid crystalline phase. Two tensors T (translation) and L (libration) are used to describe the motion. These tensors have been diagonalized to obtain the principal axes and amplitudes of translational and librational motions.