Approximation properties for solutions to non‐Lipschitz stochastic differential equations with Lévy noise

In this paper, we consider the non‐Lipschitz stochastic differential equations and stochastic functional differential equations with delays driven by Lévy noise, and the approximation theorems for the solutions to these two kinds of equations will be proposed respectively. Non‐Lipschitz condition is much weaker condition than the Lipschitz one. The simplified equations will be defined to make its solutions converge to that of the corresponding original equations both in the sense of mean square and probability, which constitute the approximation theorems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Standing waves for 4‐superlinear Schrödinger‐Kirchhoff equations

We consider standing waves for 4‐superlinear Schrödinger–Kirchhoff equations in with potential indefinite in sign. The nonlinearity considered in this study satisfies a condition that is much weaker than the classical Ambrosetti–Rabinowitz condition. We obtain a nontrivial solution and, in the case of odd nonlinearity, an unbounded sequence of solutions via the Morse theory and the fountain theorem, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mild method for the synthesis of 1H-indazoles through oxime-phosphonium ion intermediate

The synthesis of 1H-indazoles from o-aminobenzoximes is achieved via N–N bond formation using triphenylphosphine, I₂, and imidazole. Selective formation of oxime-phosphonium ion intermediate in the presence of the amino group is the driving force for this reaction. The nucleophilicity of the arylamino group and electrophilicity toward the N–O bond of oxime also control the reaction. The reaction proceeds at a faster rate with good to excellent yield under this mild reaction condition and is amenable to scale-up.     

Vanadium-catalyzed green oxidation of benzylic alcohols in water under air atmosphere

The oxidation of alcohols using catalytic amounts of metal complexes is highly attractive from the viewpoint of green chemistry principles. However, examples of metal complex-catalyzed oxidations of alcohols with O₂ using water as the solvent are still rare, and precious metals, high-pressure O₂ or air, and a stoichiometric amount of base are often required. In this study, it was found that an oxovanadium-4,4′-t-Bubpy (4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridyl) complex exhibited high catalytic activity in the oxidation of benzhydrols under an atmosphere of O₂ in water as the sole solvent. Interestingly, this catalytic oxidation method could be applied to the gram-scale aerobic oxidation of alcohols in water under the atmosphere.     

Practical Synthesis of 2-Iodosobenzoic Acid (IBA) without Contamination by Hazardous 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) under Mild Conditions

We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone^® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.     

3-甲基-1-磺酸咪唑硫酸氢盐催化剂用于四组分一锅法合成不对称聚羟基喹啉衍生物(英文)

3-Methyl-1-sulfonic acid imidazolium hydrogen sulfate has been used as an efficient, halogen-free,and reusable Brnsted acidic ionic liquid catalyst for the synthesis of ethyl-4-aryl/heteryl- hexahydro-trimehtyl-5-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylates via the one-pot condensation of dimedone with aryl/heteryl aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions. This method has the advantage of being clean and simple, as well as providing the desired product in high yield over a short reaction time. Furthermore, the catalyst could be recycled and reused four times without any discernible reduction in activity.     

Keplerate巨型纳米多孔聚氧钼酸盐作为可重复使用催化剂用于合成1,2,4,5-四取代咪唑(英文)

The Keplerate‐type giant nanoporous isopolyoxomolybdate (NH4)42[MoVI72MoV60O372‐(CH3COO)30(H2O)72], denoted {Mo132}, has been used as a catalyst for the synthesis of1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles by the one‐pot, four‐component thermal reaction of benzil with aromatic aldehydes, primary amines, and ammonium acetate under solvent‐free conditions. The catalyst was prepared according to a previously published literature procedure using inexpensive and readily available starting materials, and subsequently characterized by FT‐IR, UV and X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, as well as microanalysis. The results showed that {Mo132} exhibited high catalytic activity towards the synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles, with the desired products being formed in good to high yields. Furthermore, the catalyst was recyclable and could be reused at least three times without any discernible loss in its catalytic activity. Overall, this new catalytic method for the synthesis of 1,2,4,5‐tetrasubstituted imidazoles provides rapid access to the desired compounds following a simple work‐up procedure, and avoids the use of harmful organic solvents. This method therefore represents a significant improvement over the methods currently available for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted imidazoles.     

ZnAl2O4 SiO2纳米复合催化剂用于无溶剂条件下乙酸酐与醇、酚和胺的乙酰化反应简

A ZnAl₂O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite was prepared from metal nitrates and tetraethyl orthosilicate by the sol-gel process, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, transmission electron microscopy, and N₂ adsorption-desorption measurements. The nanocomposite was tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols, phenols, and amines under solvent-free conditions. Under optimized conditions, efficient acetylation of these substrates with acetic anhydride over the ZnAl₂O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite was obtained. Acetylation of anilines and primary aliphatic amines proceeded rapidly at room temperature, while the reaction time was longer for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols, showing that an amine NH₂ group can be selectively acetylated in the presence of alcoholic or phenolic OH groups. The catalyst can be reused without obvious loss of catalytic activity. The catalytic activity of the ZnAl₂O₄@SiO₂ nanocomposite was higher than that of pure ZnAl₂O₄. The method gives high yields, and is clean, cost effective, compatible with substrates having other functional groups and it is suitable for practical organic synthesis.     

ZnAl_2O_4@SiO_2纳米复合催化剂用于无溶剂条件下乙酸酐与醇、酚和胺的乙酰化反应(英文)

A ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was prepared from metal nitrates and tetraethyl orthosilicate by the sol-gel process,and characterized by X-ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared,transmission electron microscopy,and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements.The nanocomposite was tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for the acetylation of alcohols,phenols,and amines under solvent-free conditions.Under optimized conditions,efficient acetylation of these substrates with acetic anhydride over the ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was obtained.Acetylation of anilines and primary aliphatic amines proceeded rapidly at room temperature,while the reaction time was longer for the acetylation of alcohols and phenols,showing that an amine NH2 group can be selectively acetylated in the presence of alcoholic or phenolic OH groups.The catalyst can be reused without obvious loss of catalytic activity.The catalytic activity of the ZnAl2O4@SiO2 nanocomposite was higher than that of pure ZnAl2O4.The method gives high yields,and is clean,cost effective,compatible with substrates having other functional groups and it is suitable for practical organic synthesis.