求解两类Maxwell方程组棱元离散系统的快速算法和自适应方法

Maxwell方程组棱元离散系统的快速算法和自适应方法是当前计算电磁场中的研究热点和难点. 首先, 针对H(curl)椭圆方程组的棱元离散系统, 通过建立棱元空间的稳定性分解, 设计了相应的快速迭代法和高效预条件子, 并且证明了迭代算法的收敛率和预条件子的条件数均不依赖于模型参数和网格规模. 其次, 针对时谐Maxwell方程组的棱有限元方法, 利用离散的Helmholtz分解, 连续散度为零函数对离散散度为零函数的逼近性和对偶论证, 获得了在L²和H(curl)范数下的拟最优误差估计. 进而设计和分析了相应的两网格法. 最后, 分别针对变系数H(curl)椭圆方程组和不定时谐Maxwell方程组, 考虑了一种不需要标记振荡项和加密单元不需要满足“内节点” 性质的自适应棱有限元法(AEFEM), 并证明了AEFEM的收敛性. 进一步, 当初始网格和Dörfler标记策略参数满足一定的假设条件时, 利用AEFEM的收敛性、误差的整体下界和局部上界估计, 证明了AEFEM的拟最优复杂性.     

Unital affine semigroups

Affine semigroups are convex sets on which there exists an associative binary operation which is affine separately in either variable. They were introduced by Cohen and Collins in 1959. We look at examples of affine semigroups which are of interest to matrix and operator theory and we prove some new results on the extreme points and the absorbing elements of certain types of affine semigroups. Most notably we improve a result of Wendel that every invertible element in a compact affine semigroup is extreme by extending this result to linearly bounded affine semigroups.     

Existence and numerical modelling of vortex rings with elliptic boundaries

We revisit in this paper the theory of axisymmetric vortex rings in an ideal fluid. The boundary separating the vortex ring from the external (potential) flow is assumed of elliptic shape. For a given distribution of vorticity in the vortex core, we theoretically put into evidence the critical parameter for the existence of non-trivial solutions, thus confirming the numerical observation of Durst et al. [ZAMP 32 (1981) 156]. A sharp estimation of the critical threshold is analytically derived. Theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations using finite elements. A new numerical algorithm is presented and shown to display better performances compared to previous published algorithms using finite differences. The convergence of the iterative algorithm is proved using the theory of elliptic partial differential equations with discontinuous nonlinearities.     

A finite strain contact model for mixed lubricated surfaces in forming processes

For an accurate simulation of forming processes, it is of paramount importance to model the different lubrication regimes that can develop at the contact interface. These might vary from zone to zone of the forming piece, and from one regime to another, resulting in forces of different nature and magnitude. In these cases, the use of the classical Coulomb friction law will be clearly not sufficient to capture, in a suitable manner, the variety of forces applied on the forming piece.     

A posteriori error estimates of mixed DG finite element methods for linear parabolic equations

In this article, we analyse a posteriori error estimates of mixed finite element discretizations for linear parabolic equations. The space discretization is done using the order λ?≥?1 Raviart–Thomas mixed finite elements, whereas the time discretization is based on discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods (r?≥?1). Using the duality argument, we derive a posteriori l ^∞(L ²) error estimates for the scalar function, assuming that only the underlying mesh is static.     

Research announcement on gaierkirfs method for a class of integra equations of the first kind

Let X and Y be locally convex spaces with K a closed convex cone in X Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the image AK to be closed in Ywhen A:X→Y is a continuous linear map. This result is used to generalize a theorem of Abrams to infinite dimensional spaces and also to give sufficient conditions for the Hurwicz version of the Farkas lemma for locally convex spaces to hold.     

A Posteriori Error Estimates of Mixed Methods for Parabolic Optimal Control Problems

In this article, we shall give a brief review on the fully discrete mixed finite element method for general optimal control problems governed by parabolic equations. The state and the co-state are approximated by the lowest order Raviart–Thomas mixed finite element spaces and the control is approximated by piecewise constant elements. Furthermore, we derive a posteriori error estimates for the finite element approximation solutions of optimal control problems. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate our theoretical results.     

A Characteristic Finite Volume Element Method for the Air Pollution Model

In this article, a characteristic finite volume element method is presented for solving air pollution models. The convection term is discretized using the characteristic method and diffusion term is approximated by finite volume element method. Compared with standard finite volume element method, our proposed method is more accurate and efficient, especially suitable to solve convection-dominated problems. The proposed numerical schemes are analyzed for convergence in L ₂ norm. Some numerical results are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the method.     

On commutative rings which are strongly prüfer

Abstract

As defined by Nicholson [Nicholson, W. K. (1977). Lifting idempotents and exchange rings. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 229:269–278] an element of a ring R is clean if it is the sum of a unit and an idempotent, and a subset A of R is clean if every element of A is clean. It is shown that a semiprimitive Gelfand ring R is clean if and only if Max(R) is zero-dimensional; if and only if for each M ∈ Max(R), the intersection all prime ideals contained in M is generated by a set of idempotents. We also give several equivalent conditions for clean functional rings. In fact, a functional ring R is clean if and only if the set of clean elements is closed under sum; if and only if every zero-divisor is clean; if and only if; R has a clean prime ideal.