Three-dimensional direct simulations and structure of expanding turbulent methane flames

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are ideally suited to investigate in detail turbulent reacting flows in simple geometries. For an increasing number of applications, detailed models must be employed to describe the chemical processes with sufficient accuracy. Despite the huge cost of such simulations, recent progress has allowed the direct numerical simulation of turbulent premixed flames while employing complete reaction schemes. We briefly describe our own developments in this field and use the resulting DNS code to investigate more extensively the structure of premixed methane flames expanding in a three-dimensional turbulent velocity field, initially homogeneous and isotropic. This situation typifies, for example, the initial flame development after spark ignition in a gas turbine or an internal combustion engine. First investigation steps have been carried out at low turbulence levels on this same configuration in the past Symposium, and we build on top of these former results. Here, a considerably higher Reynolds number is considered, the simulation has been repeated twice in to limit the possibility of spurious, very specific results, and several complementary post-processing steps are carried out. Characteristic features concerning the observed combustion regime are presented. We then investigate in a quantitative manner the evolution of flame surface area, global stretch-rate, flame front curvature, flame thickness, and correlation between thickness and curvature. The possibility of obtaining reliable information on flame front curvature from two-dimensional slices is checked by comparison with the exact procedure.     

Dispersion and Confinement Loss Control in Modified Hexagonal Photonic Crystal Fibers

This paper presents a novel technique for the control of chromatic dispersion and confinement loss in hexagonal photonic crystal fibers (H-PCFs). It is demonstrated that it is possible to obtain very low chromatic dispersion of 0 ± 0:38 ps/(nm·km) in the wavelength range of 1.41 to 1.66 μm and confinement loss of less than 0.0001 dB/km from a six ring modified H-PCF (MH-PCF). The higher order dispersion at 1.55 μm is about −0.001 ps/(nm²-km).     

基于CASI高光谱数据的作物叶面积指数估算

叶面积指数(LAI)的快速估算对于及时了解作物长势、病虫害监测以及产量评估具有重要意义。利用2012年7月7日在黑河流域张掖市获取的CASI高光谱数据,精确提取出了不同作物的光谱反射率,同时结合地面实测数据,对比分析了宽波段和“红边”植被指数在估算作物LAI方面的潜力,在此基础上,基于波段组合算法,筛选出作物LAI估算的敏感波段,并构建了两个新型光谱指数NDSI和RSI,最后对研究区域作物LAI的空间分布进行了分析。结果表明,在植被覆盖度较低的情况下,宽波段植被指数NDVI对LAI具有较好的估算效果,模型的精度R2与RMSE分别为0.52,0.45(p<0.01);对于“红边”植被指数,由于CI_{red edge}充分考虑了不同的作物类型,其对LAI的估算精度与NDVI一致;利用波段组合算法构建的光谱指数NDSI_{(569.00, 654.80)}和RSI_{(597.6, 654.80)}对LAI估算的效果要优于NDVI与CI_{red edge},其中,NDSI_{(569.00, 654.80)}主要利用了植被光谱“绿峰”和“红谷”附近的波段,模型估算的精度R2可达0.77(p<0.000 1);根据LAI与NDSI_{(569.00, 654.80)}之间的函数关系,绘制作物LAI的空间分布图,经分析,研究区域的西北部LAI值偏低,需增施肥料。研究结果,可为农业管理部门及时掌握作物长势信息、制定施肥策略提供技术支持。     

新的奇偶非线性相干态及其非经典性质

构造出了一种新的奇偶非线性相干态, 并借助于数值计算方法研究了它们的压缩、振幅平方压缩、反聚束和相位概率分布等非经典性质. 结果表明, 与通常的奇偶相干态和非线性奇偶相干态不同, 在参数|λ|的不同取值范围内, 新的奇偶非线性相干态在Y₁和Y₂两个方向均可呈现振幅平方压缩效应, 而压缩效应仅在偶非线性相干态的X₂方向上呈现, 反聚束效应仅在奇非线性相干态中呈现. 另外, 通过研究新的奇偶非线性相干态相位概率分布, 发现新的奇偶非线性相干态具有完全不同的量子干涉特性. 关键词： 新的奇偶非线性相干态 压缩效应 反聚束 相位概率分布     

LAMOST恒星分类模板间相似性度量分析

随着获取和收集天文光谱大数据能力的与日俱增,合理利用计算科学技术正确地分析海量光谱的处理方法及结果统计。前述工作采用了欧氏距离分析判别LAMOST实测光谱与模板之间相似度的研究,研究恒星分类准确性取决于高质量的模板光谱,选取LAMOST光谱在用的分类软件中183个恒星模板光谱,分别利用欧氏距离和马氏距离方法得出A,F,G,K和M型恒星模板间的均值和最大值,完成每条谱线相互之间的相关性分析,找出相对距离较大的模板及形成原因。相似度度量可视化实验数据结果表明模板之间具有一定的区分度,通过马氏距离分析模板间相似性能更进一步辨识出相近模板之间的细微差别,具备较优良的判别效果,证实了LAMOST现有分类的各模板间距离较均匀,且分类结果较为准确。该研究可进一步优化在用光谱分类模板,提升LAMOST恒星分类模板库的精确度和可信度。     

高功率微波对建筑物内计算机作用效果评估方法

提出了一种评估高功率微波对建筑物内计算机作用效果的方法。建立建筑物的电磁计算模型,利用时域有限差分法对高功率微波进入建筑物的过程进行数值模拟,求出计算机所在高度面上的时域最大场强,定义大于效应阈值区域的面积与建筑物总面积的比例为有效面积比,高功率微波对建筑物内计算机的作用比例即等于有效面积比。并开展实验对此方法的有效性进行验证,估计的计算机效应比例和实验结果相差20%以内。改变入射场强,得到计算机效应比例与入射场强的关系,与理论分析结果一致。     

WMS的玻璃药瓶内氧气含量检测及其标定方法改进

应用激光波长调制光谱(WMS)技术,建立了一种开放光路短光程检测玻璃药瓶内氧气含量的方法。选择氧气分子位于760.885(13 142.58 cm-1)的吸收谱线,通过多次调试优化了系统相关参数,给出了实时扣背景及实时谱线校正等数据处理的方法和步骤。采集七种不同氧气含量的玻璃药瓶样本,获取相应的二次谐波信号,分别建立二次谐波峰值、半高谱峰面积与浓度的线性回归方程进行定量预测。实验结果表明,其拟合系数分别为0.996 6和0.997 8,后者相比前者的标定方法提高了0.12%。采用完全交互验证的方法来评价两个模型的预测精度,其预测的均方根误差(RMSEP)分别是0.003 1和0.002 0,后者相比前者降低了37.69%。对浓度是4%的气体样品,比较不同时间的20次测量结果,标准差分别为0.002 2和0.001 6,后者相比前者降低了27.3%,同时其测量灵敏度分别为0.198%和0.097%,后者相比前者的灵敏度提高了约51%。证明了该系统及数据处理方法对玻璃药瓶内氧气含量检测是可行的,且利用半高谱峰面积更丰富的幅值信息来反演气体浓度可以降低波峰失真影响,检测精度更高,稳定性更好。     

MoEDAL – a new light on the high-energy frontier

In 2010, the MoEDAL (MOnopole and Exotics Detector at the LHC) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) was unanimously approved by European Centre for Nuclear Research’s Research Board to start data taking in 2015. MoEDAL is a pioneering experiment designed to search for highly ionising manifestations of new physics such as magnetic monopoles or massive (pseudo-)stable charged particles. Its groundbreaking physics programme defines a number of scenarios that yield potentially revolutionary insights into such foundational questions as: are there extra dimensions or new symmetries; does magnetic charge exist; what is the nature of dark matter; and, how did the Big Bang develop. MoEDAL’s purpose is to meet such far-reaching challenges at the frontier of the field. The innovative MoEDAL detector employs unconventional methodologies tuned to the prospect of discovery physics. The largely passive MoEDAL detector, deployed at Point 8 on the LHC ring, has a dual nature. First, it acts like a giant camera, comprised of nuclear track detectors – analysed offline by ultra fast scanning microscopes – sensitive only to new physics. Second, it is uniquely able to trap the particle messengers of physics beyond the Standard Model for further study. MoEDAL’s radiation environment is monitored by a state-of-the-art real-time TimePix pixel detector array. A new MoEDAL sub-detector designed to extend MoEDAL reach to mini-charged, minimally ionising particles is under study.     

基于相对论Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov近似的新幻数研究（英文）

基于相对论Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov （RHFB） 近似分别探索了质量-电荷极限下的超重元素与极端中质比下的奇特原子核中的新幻数问题。研究结果表明,赝自旋对称性的守恒和破缺与超重核区球形幻数结构的形成密切相关,并分别决定了中子与质子的新幻数结构。同时,理论模型之间的差异也与之密切相关。在中重奇特核区,RHFB近似很好地再现了Ca 同位素中的新幻数N = 32,34,其中同位旋矢量道中洛伦兹张量耦合扮演了较为关键的角色。以此为例,研究证明了显式考虑交换（Fock） 项的RHFB 近似的可靠性。Recent applications of the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (RHFB) approach in exploring the new magicities under extreme conditions are presented for the superheavy elements with the limits of mass and charge and for the exotic nuclei with extreme neutron-to-proton ratios. It is found that the emergence of new magic shells in superheavy region is tightly related to the restoration and violation of pseudo-spin symmetry, respectively for the neutron and proton ones, in which the model deviations are indicated and discussed. In medium-heavy exotic nuclei, the occurrence of new magicity N = 32, 34 in Ca isotopes is well reproduced by the RHFB approach, in which the isovector Lorentz tensor couplings are found to play an essential role. The results exemplify that the RHFB approach, which considers the exchange (Fock) terms explicitly, furnishes a new theoretical instrument for advancing relativistic nuclear mean-field approaches.     

一类新混沌系统的线性状态反馈控制

研究了一类新混沌系统的控制问题.利用Routh-Hurwitz准则对受控系统进行了稳定性分析，结合线性状态反馈方法理论上严格证明了达到控制目标反馈系数的选择原则.数值研究证明了该方法能够有效地控制混沌系统到失稳的平衡点或周期解，同时控制效果在弱噪声干扰下具有很强的鲁棒性. 关键词： 新混沌系统 线性状态反馈控制 Routh-Hurwitz准则 噪声