聚羧酸盐在洗衣粉中的应用性能研究

将5种聚羧酸盐和羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）分别配入洗衣粉中,用卧式去污机做去污实验和20次循环洗涤实验,结果表明：在无磷洗衣粉中加入聚羧酸盐,去污力比加入CMC提高了7．73％～12．20％,灰分沉积比不含聚羧酸盐的降低了49．77％～65．08％,白度保持比不含聚羧酸盐的提高了2．43％～4．02％．在5种聚羧酸盐中,3种不同分子量的聚丙烯酸钠KT-3、PA25CL和445N均可用作无磷洗衣粉的抗再沉积剂,其中KT-3更优．     

煤粉燃烧过程中灰膜形成比例实验研究

煤焦颗粒燃烧过程中,灰膜形成显著影响其燃烧特性.因此,本文借助高温沉降炉研究了 61～75,75～90和90～125 μm三种粒径黄陵烟煤在1273和1673 K温度下的燃烧特性与灰膜形成比例;借助扫描电镜(SEM)详细观测空心微珠颗粒内部结构,提出灰膜比例计算公式,并分析温度,粒径和碳转化率对灰膜比例的影响.结果表明...     

Characterization of FDR fly ash and brick/lime mixtures

The present research is concerning the characterization of FDR (fuel derived from residues) fly ash and mixtures with lime/brick hydraulic binder by DTA/TG/DTG thermo-analysis, X-ray diffractometry and chemical analysis. The use of hydraulic binder obtained from building brick rejects, which is less expensive than the usual solidifiers such as cementitious binder and silicates, allows us to reutilize, in the meantime, this wreckage material, to the advantage of environmental sustainability. Fly ash samples investigated in the present study were separated in a thermo-incineration plant. Mineralogical DTA/TG/DTG and XRD investigations reveal the presence of different phases as well as chemical analysis shows a moderate concentration of heavy metals and high content of chloride and sulphate. Results obtained from leaching tests with water carried out on hardened pastes containing fly ash lead to interesting results, which highlight behaviour to the release of contaminants. The whole of the results obtained in the present study make it possible to regard the objective of disposing such hardened materials in inert waste landfill sites as achievable.     

以粉煤灰为原料采用两步法制备高纯度ZSM-5型沸石的研究

采用经碱熔融-离心提取处理后的粉煤灰为原料,经水热反应研究两步法合成高纯度ZSM-5型沸石的过程,探讨了碱灰比、焙烧温度对硅铝溶出量的影响,研究了碱度、晶化时间、晶化温度与硅铝比对合成ZSM-5型沸石的影响.结果表明:碱灰比为2.3∶1,焙烧温度为680 ℃时可获得最高的硅铝溶出量;当SiO2/Na2O =7(摩尔比),SiO2/Al2O3=45(摩尔比),晶化时间为68 h,晶化温度为180 ℃时可获得高纯度的ZSM-5型沸石.     

Remote spectrophotometry as applied to determination of the degree of mineralization of peat soils in polesie

Regression relations between the first main component, slope of the SBC curve towards the wavelength axis, and the degree of mineralization of peat soils are established from experimental data. Errors in determination of peat soil productivity are estimated using different spectral indices. For practical use it is recommended to measure the spectral brightness coefficients of peat soils in the 0.50–0.75 μm range. B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 70, F. Skorina Ave., Minsk, 220072, Belarus. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 102–106, January–February, 1998.     

Concise Synthesis of (3Z)-Dodecen-12-olide,Pheromone Component of the Emerald Ash Borer

Emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, is an invasive insect that has killed millions of ash trees in Canada and the USA. (3Z)-Dodecen-12-olide is a known female-produced pheromone of this insect, and a concise, three-step synthesis of a 2:1 blend of (3Z)-dodecen-12-olide and (3E)-dodecen-12-olide starting from commercially available (2-carboxyethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide and 10-bromo-1-decene is described. The key steps in this synthesis are a lithium-salt-free Wittig reaction and an intramolecular S_N2 esterification. Both of these macrocyclic lactones are behaviorally active toward EAB, and the 2:1 blend whose synthesis is described here has the potential to be a detection agent, mating disruptor, or mass trapping agent, which could be used in the control of EAB.     

Hydration behaviour of a lime-pozzolan cement containing MSW incinerator fly ash

A lime-pozzolan cement was used to make pastes containing different quantities of MSW fly ash. After setting, the pastes were cured in water at room temperature from 1 h to 260 days. The hydration characteristics and the nature of the hydration products of the various pastes were studied by simultaneous TG/DSC thermal analysis and X-ray diffractometry. The MSW fly ash was found to induce a slowing of the hydration process in lime-pozzolan pastes, and after some days an evident acceleration of hydration reactions occurred. Sulphate and chloride in the MSW fly ash yield hydration products forming a cementitious matrix.The author is grateful to D. Calabrese for assistance with the thermal and XRD analyses.     

DSC and TA/MS studies on formation and decomposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxines and dibenzofuranes

The effect of oxydation of particulate carbon as a part of fly ash has been studied by mean of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and simultaneous thermal analysis/mass spectrometry (TA/MS). The results from different carbon modifications added to fly ash were discussed and compared to those of the pure samples.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DSC und Thermoanalyse/Massenspektrometrie wurde der Effekt der Oxidation von Kohlenstoff als Teil von Flugasche untersucht. Die durch Zusatz verschiedener Kohlenstoffarten zu Flugasche erhaltenen Ergebnisse wurden diskutiert und mit denen von reinen Proben verglichen.

     

The role of MgO in the binding of SO<Subscript>2 </Subscript>by lime-containing materials

Summary The results of investigation of MgO participation in the binding of SO₂ with lime-containing materials as sorbents are presented. Experiments of SO₂ binding into solid phase using model samples of reactive grade MgO and CaO varying the mole ratio of MgO/CaO from 9:1 to 1:9 were carried out. Besides, dolomite and limestone samples with different MgO/CaO mole ratio (from 1.24 to 0.13) and samples of ashes formed at combustion of Estonian oil shale (containing 35-40% of carbonates) and its semicoke were studied Initial samples, intermediate and final products were subjected to chemical, IR-spectroscopy, X-ray and BET specific surface area analyses. The results of the present study confirmed the active participation of MgO in the binding of SO₂ into the solid phase. In addition to CaSO₄ the formation of Ca,Mg-double sulphate CaMg₃(SO₄)₄ and -MgSO₄ was observed. The presence of CaMg₃(SO₄)₄ was fixed in a large temperature range 400-900°C and that of -MgSO₄ in between 500-700°C. The optimum temperature range for formation and durability of CaMg₃(SO₄)₄ was 700-800°C.