Structural characteristics and residual stresses in oxide films produced on Ti by pulsed unipolar plasma electrolytic oxidation

Oxide films, 7–10 µm thick, were produced on commercially pure titanium by plasma electrolytic oxidation in a sodium orthophosphate electrolyte using a pulsed unipolar current with frequency (f) and duty cycle (δ) varying within f = 0.1–10 kHz and δ = 0.8–0.2, respectively. The coatings comprised a mixture of an amorphous phase with nanocrystalline anatase and rutile phases, where the relative rutile content range was 17–25 wt%. Incorporation of phosphorus from the electrolyte into the coating in the form of PO₂ ^–, PO₃ ^2– and PO₄ ^3–, as demonstrated by EDX and FT-IR analyses, contributed to the formation of the amorphous phase. Residual stresses associated with the crystalline coating phase constituents were evaluated using the X-ray diffraction sin² ψ method. It was found that, depending on the treatment parameters, internal direct and shear stresses in anatase ranged from–205 (±17) to–431 (±27) MPa and from–98 (±6) to–145 (±10) MPa, respectively, whereas the rutile structure is comparatively stress-free.     

Quantitative Determination of Silicon in Organosilicon Compounds Using Low-Temperature RF-Discharge Oxygen Plasma

Abstract

The paper describes a technique for quantitative determination of silicon in organic monomer and polymer materials based on low-temperature decomposition of samples in rf-discharge oxygen plasmas. The final step of analysis involves gravimetric determination of silicon in the form of silicon dioxide. The presence of fluorine (up to 50%) does not interfere with the determination of silicon.     

Electron Capture Determination of Propoxyphene from Human Plasma

Abstract

A procedure for the determination of propoxyphene (α-d-dimethylamino-1, 2 -diphenyl-3 -methyl-2 -propionoxybutane) in plasma is reported. The method is based on the electron capture characteristics of propoxyphene. The plasma is rendered basic to generate the free amine and extracted with ether. The extract is analyzed by gas chromatography using a 4 foot OV-225 column. An internal standard of imipramine hydrochloride is used to quantitate the propoxyphene. This internal standard is carried through the entire procedure. The ratio of the peak heights of propoxyphene to imipramine is compared to ratios obtained from standards placed in plasma and treated in the same manner as the samples. Six subjects were given propoxyphene at different time intervals, and the data are presented concerning these subjects.     

Diagnosis of phasma in CCD damage process induced by laser

In this paper, the shapes of plasma produced by a Q-switched YAG laser acted repeatedly upon a CCD with MOS structure are used, to investigate the destroying process of the optoelectronic device. The experimental results of CCD destroyed by a 1.06μm laser beam with a pulse width of 15 ns are given.     

A row–column addressed micromachined ultrasonic transducer array for surface scanning applications

Row–column addressed arrays for ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) applications are analyzed and demonstrated in this paper. Simulation and experimental results of a row–column addressed 32 by 32 capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array are presented. The CMUT array, which was designed for medical imaging applications, has a center frequency of 5.3 MHz. The CMUT array was used to perform C-scans on test objects with holes that have diameters of 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm. The array transducer has an aperture size of 4.8 mm by 4.8 mm, and it was used to scan an area of 4.0 mm by 4.0 mm. Compared to an N by N fully addressed 2-D array, a row–column addressed array of the same number of elements requires fewer (N instead of N²) pairs of interconnection and supporting electronic components such as pulsers and amplifiers. Even though the resulting field of view is limit by the aperture size, row–column addressed arrays and the row–column addressing scheme can be an alternative option of 2-D arrays for NDT applications.     

Energy spectrum of multi-radiation of X-rays in a low energy Mather-type plasma focus device

The multi-radiation of X-rays was investigated with special attention to their energy spectrum in a Mather-type plasma focus device （operated with argon gas）. The analysis is based on the effect of anomalous resistances. To study the energy spectrum, a four-channel diode X-ray spectrometer was used along with a special set of filters. The filters were suitable for detection of medium range X-rays as well as hard X-rays with energy exceeding 30 keV. The results indicate that the anomalous resistivity effect during the post pinch phase may cause multi-radiation of X-rays with a total duration of 300 ± 50 ns. The significant contribution of Cu-Kα was due to the medium range X-rays, nonetheless, hard X-rays with energies greater than 15 keV also participate in the process. The total emitted X-ray energy in the forms of Cu-K and Cu-K/3 was around 0.14 ± 0.02 （J/Sr） and 0.04 ±0.01 （J/Sr）, respectively. The total energy of the emitted hard X-ray （〉 15 keV） was around 0.12± 0.02 （J/Sr）.     

Laser produced plasma: A pumping source for cadmium photo-ionization laser

We report laser oscillations in Cd II on 4d ⁹5s ^{2 2} D _5/2 − 4d ¹⁰5p ² P _3/2 transition at 441.6 nm using laser produced tungsten plasma as a pumping source. Mach Zehnder interferometer is used to measure electron density. Design and working of the crossed heat pipe used in the studies is discussed.     

Detecting positive feedback in multivariate time series: The case of metal prices and US inflation

The objective of this paper is to examine causality and feedback relationships between primary commodity prices and US inflation. To this end, the bivariate noisy Mackey–Glass process recently developed by Kyrtsou and Labys [Evidence for chaotic dependence between US inflation and commodity prices, J. Macroecon. 28(1) (2006) 256–266] has been applied to assess this relationship. Results obtained support evidence in favour of causality, which can help to identify the influences of speculative price behaviour on inflation.     

Kalman滤波法消除光谱连续背景的研究

本文研究了Ｋａｌｍａｎ滤波法消除光谱连续背景，以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测量氧化铽中Ｌａ，Ｅｒ，Ｇｄ，Ｄｙ，Ｄｕ和Ｔｍ为例研究了不同背景情况下的结果。用新息序列的平均平方和正交自相关系数超过出信度极限以外数为评价函数，可评价所估计的背景形状，是一种不用测背景，用计算方法消除光谱连续背景的好方法，本方法不仅适用于电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱，对分光光度，原子等原则上都可适用。