Nonlocal Interaction Equations in Environments with Heterogeneities and Boundaries

We study well-posedness of a class of nonlocal interaction equations with spatially dependent mobility. We also allow for the presence of boundaries and external potentials. Such systems lead to the study of nonlocal interaction equations on subsets ? of ? ^d endowed with a Riemannian metric g. We obtain conditions, relating the interaction potential and the geometry, which imply existence, uniqueness and stability of solutions. We study the equations in the setting of gradient flows in the space of probability measures on ? endowed with Riemannian 2-Wasserstein metric.     

三维斑点追踪成像评价甲状腺功能亢进患者左心室收缩功能改变的应用价值

目的 探讨三维斑点追踪成像（3D-STI）技术在评价甲状腺功能亢进(甲亢)患者左心室整体收缩功能中的应用价 值。方法 选择50 例甲状腺功能亢进患者与45 例健康志愿者,获取心尖四腔心切面动态图像,存储左心室三维全容积动态图像后,运用3D-STI 软件进行脱机分析,得到两组收缩期左心室整体纵向峰值应变（GLS）、圆周峰值应变（GCS）、左心室扭转度角度峰值(LV-tw)、左心室扭力（LV-tor）、左心室心底水平旋转角度峰值（Prot-B）、左心室心尖水平旋转角度峰值（Prot-A）及左心室射血分数（LVEF）等,比较两组三维应变（3DS）指标之间的差异。结果 与正常对照组比较,甲亢组的左心室收缩功能增强,GLS、GCS 分别为（-20.47±3.08）% vs.（-18.52±4.77）%、（-28.98±3.00）% vs.（-25.88±2.12）%,两组差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）;甲亢组LV-tw、LV-tor、LVProt-A、LVProt-B 均较正常对照组略有增加,但差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。结论 3D-STI 可无 创、敏感检测甲亢患者左心室三维应变,为临床客观评估甲亢左心室收缩功能提供一种新方法。     

Particle-size segregation in dense granular avalanches

Particles of differing sizes are notoriously prone to segregate, which is a chronic problem in the manufacture of a wide variety of products that are used by billions of people worldwide every day. Segregation is the single most important factor in product non-uniformity, which can lead to significant handling problems as well as complete batches being discarded at huge financial loss. It is generally regarded that the most important mechanism for segregation is the combination of kinetic sieving and squeeze expulsion in shallow granular avalanches. These free-surface flows are more common than one might expect, often forming part of more complicated flows in drums, heaps and silos, where there is mass exchange with underlying regions of static or slowly moving grains. The combination of segregation and solid–fluid granular phase transitions creates incredibly complicated and beautiful patterns in the resulting deposits, but a full understanding of such effects lies beyond our capabilities at present. This paper reviews recent advances in our ability to model the basic segregation processes in a single avalanche (without mass exchange) and the subtle feedback effects that they can have on the bulk flow. This is particularly important for geophysical applications, where segregation can spontaneously self-channelize and lubricate the flow, significantly enhancing the run-out of debris-flows, pyroclastic flows, rock-falls and snow-slab avalanches.     

Mode-coupling assisted electron accelerations by a plasma wave

The acceleration of electrons by a plasma wave in the presence of density ripple in plasma has been investigated. Plasma density ripple can excite higher harmonics of different phase velocities of the fundamental plasma wave. The combined role of the different harmonics of the plasma wave contributes significantly in electrons energy gain during acceleration by the fundamental plasma wave. Our calculation shows that the plasma electrons gain considerable energy during the acceleration by the plasma waves in the presence of a density ripple in plasma. The initial electron energy and the ripple density play an important role for the acceleration of an electron.     

Cell Tracking with Caged Xenon: Using Cryptophanes as MRI Reporters upon Cellular Internalization

Caged xenon has great potential in overcoming sensitivity limitations for solution‐state NMR detection of dilute molecules. However, no application of such a system as a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent has yet been performed with live cells. We demonstrate MRI localization of cells labeled with caged xenon in a packed‐bed bioreactor working under perfusion with hyperpolarized‐xenon‐saturated medium. Xenon hosts enable NMR/MRI experiments with switchable contrast and selectivity for cell‐associated versus unbound cages. We present MR images with 10³‐fold sensitivity enhancement for cell‐internalized, dual‐mode (fluorescence/MRI) xenon hosts at low micromolar concentrations. Our results illustrate the capability of functionalized xenon to act as a highly sensitive cell tracer for MRI detection even without signal averaging. The method will bridge the challenging gap for translation to in vivo studies for the optimization of targeted biosensors and their multiplexing applications.     

Theoretical analysis of the local orientation effect and the lift‐hyperlayer mode of rodlike particles in field‐flow fractionation

We investigated theoretically the effects of the cross‐stream migration and the local average orientation of rodlike particles on the shape‐based separation using field‐flow fractionation. The separation behavior was analyzed by comparing the retention ratios of spheres and rods. The retention ratio of a rod was evaluated through the derivation of its cross‐sectional concentration profile by considering the rod migration and the local average orientation. Our study in various flow conditions showed that the rod migration, caused by the hydrodynamic interaction with a wall, can affect the separation behavior as a lift‐hyperlayer mode. We also demonstrated that the local average orientation, which is a function of a local shear rate and a rotational diffusivity, results in the transverse diffusivity that is different from its perpendicular diffusivity. These results suggest that the experimental separation behaviors of rods in field‐flow fractionation may not be fully explained by the current theory based on the normal mode and the steric mode. We also characterized each condition where one of the normal mode, the steric mode of spheres, and the lift‐hyperlayer mode of rods is dominant.     

石墨烯负载的金属氧化物纳米颗粒的可控制备及催化性能

采用直接浸渍法、过氧化氢均相氧化沉积法和氨水催化水解法制备了石墨烯负载的铁、钴、镍金属氧化物纳米颗粒.研究了三种沉积方法对颗粒尺寸分布的影响;采用透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和X射线光电子能谱表征了催化剂的形貌与结构.用过氧化氢均相氧化沉淀法可制得粒径分布最均匀的纳米颗粒.过氧化氢的氧化作用可使石墨烯表面的氧化基团含量最大化,为纳米颗粒提供了足够的吸附与成核点.氨水加速了金属离子的水解与成核,导致纳米颗粒的粒径增大与不均.以苯甲醇氧化为探针反应考察了催化剂的性能.催化剂的活性按以下顺序逐渐下降:过氧化氢辅助沉积法>直接浸渍法>氨水催化水解法,与纳米颗粒尺寸增长趋势一致.纳米催化剂颗粒尺寸与其活性的良好关联性显示,发展石墨烯负载尺寸可控的纳米催化剂的方法具有重要意义.     

In Situ Pyrolysis Tracking and Real-Time Phase Evolution: From a Binary Zinc Cluster to Supercapacitive Porous Carbon

The in situ tracking of the pyrolysis of a binary molecular cluster [Zn₇(μ₃-CH₃O)₆(L)₆][ZnLCl₂]₂ is presented with one brucite disk and two mononuclear fragments (L=mmimp: 2-methoxy-6-((methylimino)-methyl)phenolate) to porous carbon using TG-MS from 30 to 900 °C. Following up the spilled gas product during the decomposed reaction of zinc cluster along the temperature rising, and in conjunction with XRD, SEM, BET and other materials characterization, where three key steps were observed: 1) cleavage of the bulky external ligand; 2) reduction of ZnO and 3) volatilization of Zn. The real-time-dependent phase-sequential evolution of the remaining products and the processing of pore forming template transformation are proposed simultaneously. The porous carbon structure featuring a uniform nano-sized pore distribution synthesized at 900 °C with the highest surface area of 1644 m² g⁻¹ and pore volume of 0.926 cm³ g⁻¹ exhibits the best known capacitance of 662 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹.     

基于光滑粒子流体动力学的滑油泵数值仿真

基于光滑粒子流体动力学方法,构建齿轮泵壳体及内部流体的粒子模型,对内啮合齿轮泵在不同工况下的流量特性进行数值模拟。首先设置了均匀分布的油泵出入口压强,计算得到的流量结果与试验结果吻合,且在中低转速下流量与转速呈线性关系;针对高转速下油泵流量降低的问题,通过适当减小周期模型内部的流体粒子数反映流量降低,获得了与试验值相吻合的连续转速流量的模拟结果;针对影响齿轮泵性能的间隙和空化现象,结合模型特点给出了相应的近似处理方法。通过以上研究,将SPH方法成功地应用于滑油泵问题的分析计算。