光散射检测微粒直径分布的实验装置的研制

论述光散射检测微粒直径分布的实验装置的原理及其设计,并给出装置的实验结果。     

3D particle positioning by using the Fraunhofer criterion

In particle tracking velocimetry, the necessary information is the 3D location of a given particle in space. This information can be obtained by examining the real image or by analyzing the interference fringe recorded on a digital camera. In this work, we measure the three-dimensional position of spherical particles by calculating the Central Spot Size of the interference pattern of a particle diffraction image. The Central Spot Size is obtained by combining the Continuous Wavelet transform and circle Hough transform. The Continuous Wavelet transform allow us in only one step enhanced quality of particle images and sets a threshold to select properly places where a Central Spot Size appear in order to determine its size via the Hough transform. The size and centroid of the Central Spot Size render z and x-y position of a particle image, respectively. The Central Spot Size is related to a criterion of a simplified theory given by the Fraunhofer theory in order to obtain z particle position. Our approach has been applied to simulated and experimental particle images. Simulated particle images show good agreement between actual and calculated Central Spot Size. An average relative error of 0.5% and 1.12% for x-y and z directions, respectively, was found in the analysis. Our experimental particle images were obtained from particle motion inside a channel. The quality of the particle images determines the accuracy of the calculation of the Central Spot Size of a particle image.     

Improved holographic particle sizing by using absolute values of the wavelet transform

A new method for sizing particle from in-line particle holograms by using absolute values of the wavelet transform is proposed in order to improve accuracy in measurements. The proposed method provides direct calculation of the particle size by using spatial frequency information of a chirp signal at minima position of an envelope function. Simulation and experimental results are presented.     

Incorporation of smooth spherical bodies in the Lattice Boltzmann method

A method to simulate bodies suspended in a Lattice Boltzmann solvent is proposed. It is based on a generalized reaction force that enforces no-slip boundary conditions at the fluid–body interface as the limiting case of an iterative procedure. A smooth version of the Heaviside function allows to treat spherical particles of arbitrary size and produces smooth hydrodynamic forces as particles move in the continuum. Numerical tests demonstrate the accuracy of the method in reproducing the hydrodynamic field around a single particle and the fluid-mediated forces between pairs of particles. The drag force experienced by a particle moving in a straight channel and at various Reynolds numbers is studied as a non-trivial testcase.     

GPU accelerated simulations of 3D deterministic particle transport using discrete ordinates method

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), originally developed for real-time, high-definition 3D graphics in computer games, now provides great faculty in solving scientific applications. The basis of particle transport simulation is the time-dependent, multi-group, inhomogeneous Boltzmann transport equation. The numerical solution to the Boltzmann equation involves the discrete ordinates (S_n) method and the procedure of source iteration. In this paper, we present a GPU accelerated simulation of one energy group time-independent deterministic discrete ordinates particle transport in 3D Cartesian geometry (Sweep3D). The performance of the GPU simulations are reported with the simulations of vacuum boundary condition. The discussion of the relative advantages and disadvantages of the GPU implementation, the simulation on multi GPUs, the programming effort and code portability are also reported. The results show that the overall performance speedup of one NVIDIA Tesla M2050 GPU ranges from 2.56 compared with one Intel Xeon X5670 chip to 8.14 compared with one Intel Core Q6600 chip for no flux fixup. The simulation with flux fixup on one M2050 is 1.23 times faster than on one X5670.     

浅海波导界面对点源振速方向的影响

采用“虚源法”分析计算了浅海波导环境中接收点处点源总振速方向与水平面夹角,侧重讨论确定性界面反射对总振速方向的影响。研究结果表明：总振速方向和接收点与声源的水平距离、两者深度,海底、海面特性以及声速剖面等有关。在等声速均匀浅海波导中,由于确定性界面反射的影响,当直达声掠射角为1°～50°时,合成总振速方向偏离直达声方向达1.5°～10.5°,声速剖面呈负梯度时,偏离程度更甚.     

基于希尔伯特-黄变换方法的同轴粒子全息图中粒子轴向位置提取方法

在颗粒的数字全息中,传统方法应用数值再现反演计算得到颗粒的相关信息,其中再现的判焦过程中存在繁琐费时的缺点.本文提出了一种基于希尔伯特-黄变换方法的同轴粒子全息图分析方法.将粒子同轴全息图沿中心往外得到的单个粒子径向强度分布作为初始信号,根据希尔伯特-黄变换方法中的经验模态分解首先将信号分解成几个本征模态函数,通过分析第一本征模态函数的希尔伯特谱,由拉依达法则剔除部分奇异点后做最小二乘线性回归分析,得到粒子的空间位置.该方法不需要对全息图进行重建,由信号自身构建基函数,有很强的适应性.理论模拟和实验证明,该方法计算速度快,准确度高,有望应用于全息图的实时在线分析.     

不同土壤物理性质下石油类污染物LIF发射特征研究

利用激光诱导荧光技术可对土壤中石油类污染物快速检测,不同土壤物理性质下,污染物荧光发射特征具有一定差异。为实现外场检测时快速制备合适的土壤样品,实验研究了土壤疏松度、颗粒度、湿度与土壤中石油类污染物荧光强度及光谱稳定性之间的关系。压片机压强大于2 MPa时土壤样品荧光光谱的稳定性较好,九种不同疏松度的土壤样品荧光强度的相对标准偏差为3.51%。不同粒径的机油土壤样品荧光强度差异较小,其中100目土壤样品的荧光光谱RSD值为2.25%。结果表明,土壤样品表面呈平整洁净时,所得样品荧光光谱的稳定性较好,土壤疏松度和颗粒度对荧光光谱的影响较小。湿度对土壤样品荧光发射的影响较大,当土壤湿度低于10%,荧光强度变化较小;湿度范围大于10%时,荧光强度变化较大。为利用LIF技术对外场土壤中石油类污染物检测时,快速有效制备土壤样品及准确测量提供参考。     

Characterization of spherical particles using high-order neural networks and scanning flow cytometry

We retrieve the radius R, real n and imaginary k parts of the refractive index of homogeneous spherical particles using angular distribution of the light-scattering intensity. To solve the inverse light-scattering problem we use a high-order neural-network technique. The effect of network parameters on optimization is examined. The technique is evaluated for noise-corrupted input data at 0.6 μm<R<10.6 μm, 1.02<n<1.38, and 0<k<0.03. The errors of retrieval for nonabsorbing particles do not exceed 0.05 μm for radius and 0.015 for refractive index. The experimental verification is fulfilled by experimental data retrieved by means of a scanning flow cytometer. The light-scattering profiles of polystyrene beads and spherized red blood cells are processed with the high-order neural networks and a non-linear regression at Mie theory. The parameters retrieved by the high-order neural networks correlate well with the parameters retrieved by the least-square method.     

Monitoring acoustic emission (AE) energy of abrasive particle impacts in a slurry flow loop using a statistical distribution model

Slurry erosion has been recognized as a serious problem in many industrial applications. In slurry flows, the estimation of the amount of incident kinetic energy that transmits from particles suspended in the fluid to the containment structures is a key aspect in evaluating its abrasive potential. This work represents a systematic investigation of particle impact energy measurement using acoustic emission (AE), as indicated by a sensor mounted on the outer surface of a sharp bend, in an arrangement that had been pre-calibrated using controlled single and multiple impacts. Particle size, free stream velocity, and nominal particle concentration were varied, and the amount of energy dissipated in the carbon steel bend was assessed using a slurry impingement flow loop test rig. Silica sand particles of mean particle size 225–650 μm were used for impingement on the bend with particle nominal concentrations between 1 and 5% while the free stream velocity was changed between 4.2 and 14 ms⁻¹.