溅射MOS_2膜和PTFE膜在边界润滑条件下的摩擦学性能之研究

本文对溅射二硫化钼(MoS_2)膜和聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)膜在边界润滑条件下的摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明,与未镀膜的轴承钢相比,这两种固体润滑膜都具有较好的抗粘着性和减摩性,以及对硬质颗粒良好的嵌入性,但在同样的负荷条件下,PTFE膜的磨损比MoS_2膜的轻微。     

Determination of some refractory elements and Pb by fluorination assisted electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with platform and wall vaporization

Platform and wall vaporization for electrothermal vaporization (ETV)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) determination of some refractory elements (Ti, V, Cr, Mo, La and Zr) and Pb were comparatively studied with the use of poly (tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) as fluorinating reagent. The factors affecting the vaporization behaviors of the target analytes in the platform and tube wall vaporization including vaporization temperature and time, pyrolytic temperature and time were studied in detail, and the flow rates of carrier gas/auxiliary carrier gas, were carefully optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the signal profiles, signal intensity, interferences of coexisting ions and analytical reproducibility for wall and platform vaporization ETV-ICP-MS were compared. It was found that both wall and platform vaporization could give very similar detection limits, but the platform vaporization provided higher signal intensity and better precision for some refractory elements and Pb than the wall vaporization. Especially for La, the signal intensity obtained by platform vaporization was 3 times higher than that obtained by wall vaporization. For platform vaporization ETV-ICP-MS, the limits of detection (LODs) of 0.001 μg L⁻¹ (La) ~ 0.09 μg L^− 1 (Ti) with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 1.5% (Pb) ~ 15.5% (Zr) were obtained. While for wall vaporization ETV-ICP-MS, LODs of 0.005 μg L^− 1 (La) ~ 0.4 μg L^− 1 (Pb) with RSDs of 3.2% (Mo) ~ 12.8% (Zr) were obtained. Both platform and tube wall vaporization techniques have been used for slurry sampling fluorination assisted ETV-ICP-MS direct determination of Ti, V, Cr, Mo, La, Zr and Pb in certified reference materials of NIES No. 8 vehicle exhaust particulates and GBW07401 soil, and the analytical results obtained are in good agreement with the certified values.     

Automated flow-based anion-exchange method for high-throughput isolation and real-time monitoring of RuBisCO in plant extracts

In this work, a miniaturized, completely enclosed multisyringe-flow system is proposed for high-throughput purification of RuBisCO from Triticum aestivum extracts. The automated method capitalizes on the uptake of the target protein at 4 °C onto Q-Sepharose Fast Flow strong anion-exchanger packed in a cylindrical microcolumn (105 × 4 mm) followed by a stepwise ionic-strength gradient elution (0-0.8 mol/L NaCl) to eliminate concomitant extract components and retrieve highly purified RuBisCO. The manifold is furnished downstream with a flow-through diode-array UV/vis spectrophotometer for real-time monitoring of the column effluent at the protein-specific wavelength of 280 nm to detect the elution of RuBisCO. Quantitation of RuBisCO and total soluble proteins in the eluate fractions were undertaken using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and the spectrophotometric Bradford assay, respectively. A comprehensive investigation of the effect of distinct concentration gradients on the isolation of RuBisCO and experimental conditions (namely, type of resin, column dimensions and mobile-phase flow rate) upon column capacity and analyte breakthrough was effected. The assembled set-up was aimed to critically ascertain the efficiency of preliminary batchwise pre-treatments of crude plant extracts (viz., polyethylenglycol (PEG) precipitation, ammonium sulphate precipitation and sucrose gradient centrifugation) in terms of RuBisCO purification and absolute recovery prior to automated anion-exchange column separation. Under the optimum physical and chemical conditions, the flow-through column system is able to admit crude plant extracts and gives rise to RuBisCO purification yields better than 75%, which might be increased up to 96 ± 9% with a prior PEG fractionation followed by sucrose gradient step.     

PTFE材料在高应变率冲击下的力学性能

聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)在高速碰撞或者爆炸加载时的应变率可高达10⁶ s^-1,高应变率下PTFE材料的力学响应会对其材料性能产生较大影响。本文中采用压剪炮试验系统(PSPI)测试了PTFE材料在高应变率(10⁵~10⁶ s^-1)下的压缩力学性能,实验中碳化钨(WC)飞片板以一定速度撞击由前靶板、试件和后靶板组成的三明治结构,并采用激光干涉仪记录后靶板自由面的速度变化。对实验结果处理后得到该PTFE材料的应力应变数值,并拟合得到应力应变曲线。本研究对PTFE/金属复合材料制成的动能侵彻体强度及其冲击碎化机理的分析具有指导意义。

     

丙烯醇等离子体处理聚四氟乙烯的表面结构与润湿性

聚四氟乙烯经丙烯醇等离子体处理后,在其表面形成了一层亲水性的聚合物薄膜。水在表面的接触角为40—60°不等,由等离子体处理时间决定。对表面的全反射红外光谱、ESCA分析和SEM观测发现,等离子体处理后在原表面上形成的聚合物膜包含—CH_3、—CH_2、C=O和C—OH等基团,并且表面光滑、平整。     

Superhydrophobic and icephobic surfaces prepared by RF-sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene coatings

A superhydrophobic and icephobic surface were investigated on aluminum alloy substrate. Anodizing was used first to create a micro-nanostructured aluminum oxide underlayer on the alloy substrate. In a second step, the rough surface was coated with RF-sputtered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Teflon^®). Scanning electron microscopy images showed a “bird's nest”-like structure on the anodized surface. The RF-sputtered PTFE coating exhibited a high static contact angle of ∼165° with a very low contact angle hysteresis of ∼3°. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed high quantities of CF₃ and CF₂ groups, which are responsible for the hydrophobic behavior of the coatings. The performance of this superhydrophobic film was studied under atmospheric icing conditions. These results showed that on superhydrophobic surfaces ice-adhesion strength was 3.5 times lower than on the polished aluminum substrate.     

MORPHOLOGY EVOLUTION IN PTFE AS A FUNCTION OF MELT TIME AND TEMPERATURE Ⅱ. LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT FOLDED CHAIN SINGLE CRYSTALS AND BAND STRUCTURES

The effect of sintering dispersed and bulk, low molecular weight (Mn = 50,000 Da), nano-emulsion polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) particles near their melting point is described. With the nascent particles consisting of ca.75 nm diameter, hexagonal, single crystals, sintering at, e.g., 350℃, results, initially, in merger of neighboring particles,followed by individual molecular motion on the substrate and the formation of folded chain, lamellar single crystals and spherulites, and on-edge ribbons. It is suggested these structures develop, with time, in the mesomorphic "melt". Sintering of the bulk resin yields extended chain, band structures, as well as folded chain lamellae; end-surface to end-surface merger,possibly by end-to-end polymerization, occurs with increasing time.     

New Sorbent for Bilirubin Removal from Human Plasma： Albumin Immobilized Microporous Membranous PTFE Capillaries

In this study, we developed a tailored capillary sorbent for bilirubin removal. For immobilized bioligand, capillaries were grafted with epoxy groups using RIGP. The HSA immobilized capillaries has a high affinity adsorption capacity （71.2 mg bilirubin/g polymer） and a shorter adsorption equilibrium time （about 60 min）.     

醋酸甲羟孕酮与β-环糊精包络作用的光谱研究及应用

用紫外吸收、荧光光谱法对水溶液中β－环糊精（β－ＣＤ）与醋酸甲羟孕酮（ＭＡ）主客体包络物的光谱行为进行了研究．利用改进的Ｂｅｎｅｓｉ－Ｈｉｌｄｅｂｒａｎｄ法测定了包络物的形成常数，初步探讨了某些水溶性一元醇的引入对该包络物形成及荧光性质的影响，并提出了测定ＭＡ的高灵敏度荧光光度新方法，方法的最低检出限为８．９×１０－９ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．用该法测定样品中ＭＡ的结果令人满意，回收率为９７．９％～１０１．７％，平均回收率为９９．９％（ｎ＝５）     

Surface modification of porous poly(tetrafluoraethylene) film by a simple chemical oxidation treatment

A simple, inexpensive and environmental chemical treatment process, i.e., treating porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) films by a mixture of potassium permanganate solution and nitric acid, was proposed to improve the hydrophilicity of PTFE. To evaluate the effectiveness of this strong oxidation treatment, contact angle measurement was performed. The effects of treatment time and temperature on the contact angle of PTFE were studied as well. The results showed that the chemical modification decreased contact angle of as-received PTFE film from 133 ± 3° to 30 ± 4° treated at 100 °C for 3 h, effectively converting the hydrophobic PTFE to a hydrophilic PTFE matrix. The changes in chemical structure, surface compositions and crystal structure of PTFE were examined by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. It was found that the F/C atomic ratio decreased from untreated 1.65-0.10 treated by the mixture at 100 °C for 3 h. Hydrophilic groups such as carbonyl (CO) and hydroxyl (OH) were introduced on the surface of PTFE after treatment. Furthermore, hydrophilic compounds K_0.27MnO₂·0.54H₂O was absorbed on the surface of porous PTFE film. Both the introduction of hydrophilic groups and absorption of hydrophilic compounds contribute to the significantly decreased contact angle of PTFE.