MCF固载离子液体催化CO2合成碳酸丙烯酯的研究

通过原位合成法将[(EtO)3SiPMIm]Cl固载在MCF材料上,制得MCF固载化离子液体催化剂[(EtO)3Si PMIm]Cl/MCF。用N2吸附-脱附、TEM和FT-IR等手段表征催化剂,并考察其在CO2与环氧丙烷(PO)环加成合成碳酸丙烯酯(PC)反应中的催化性能。结果表明,嫁接等量离子液体后,MCF固载化离子液体催化剂体系对CO2环加成合成PC反应的催化活性高于SBA-15催化剂体系。在2.5MPa、140℃反应条件下,PO的转化率高达85.4%,且催化剂具有良好的循环使用性。     

聚合物泡沫材料动态力学性能及其能量吸收研究

 通过落锤实验,对发泡聚乙烯（EPE）、发泡聚丙烯（EPP）材料的动态力学性能进行了研究,提出了一种获得聚合物泡沫材料在恒定应变率下本构曲线的方法,建立了EPE的Low Density Foam本构模型。以此为基础,探索了在冰箱跌落过程中,聚合物泡沫包装材料的能量吸收以及对冰箱抗跌落冲击的保护能力。     

Dual template approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams

We demonstrated a simple and effective dual-templating approach for the synthesis of hierarchically mesocellular carbon foams by using nonionic surfactant of sorbitan monooleate and silica colloid particles as sacrificial templates, and resorcinol/ formaldehyde as carbon source. The representative carbon foam has dual mesopore sizes of 4 and 10 nm, and possesses the specific surface area of 580 m2/g and the total pore volume of 0.80 cm3/g.     

Mesostructured cellular foam solid‐phase microextraction coating for the highly sensitive recognition of polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples

We herein presented a mesoporous cellular foam solid‐phase microextraction coating that showed highly sensitive recognition for weakly polarity polychlorinated biphenyls in water samples. The mesoporous cellular foam coater fiber was for the first time prepared by a simple sol‐gel method. The main experimental parameters including extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption time, stirring rate, and ionic strength were investigated by high‐efficiency orthogonal array design, a L₁₆ (4⁴) matrix was applied for the identification of optimized extraction parameters, and the optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of environmental water sample. The novel mesoporous cellular foam coated fibers exhibited sensitive limits of detection (0.07–0.28 µg/L), wide linearity (5–3000 µg/L), and good reproducibility (3.5–8.3% for single fiber, and 4.9–8.7% for fiber‐to‐fiber) for polychlorinated biphenyls. The home‐made coating was successfully used in the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in real environmental water samples. These results indicate that the synthesized mesoporous cellular foams are promising materials for adsorption and separation applications in sample pretreatment.     

球形闭孔泡沫金属材料力学行为研究

利用面心立方单元胞模型计算了球形闭孔泡沫金属材料的宏观弹塑性特性,建立了弹性参数和屈服强度与相对密度的关系,所得结果与球形(类球形)闭孔泡沫铝合金试验结果进行了比较,二者吻合较好.此外,利用所建立的单元胞模型计算了等比例多轴载荷下的应力-应变曲线,针对现有的泡沫金属材料弹塑性宏观唯象本构框架,得到了球形孔闭孔泡沫金属材料在不同特征应变下应力势函数曲面及其演化规律,确定了其宏观本构理论模型的材料参数.结果表明,该理论模型能较好模拟有限元数值计算结果.     

Polymer‐Derived Silicoboron Carbonitride Foams for CO2 Capture: From Design to Application as Scaffolds for the in Situ Growth of Metal–Organic Frameworks

A template‐assisted polymer‐derived ceramic route is investigated for preparing a series of silicoboron carbonitride (Si/B/C/N) foams with a hierarchical pore size distribution and tailorable interconnected porosity. A boron‐modified polycarbosilazane was selected to impregnate monolithic silica and carbonaceous templates and form after pyrolysis and template removal Si/B/C/N foams. By changing the hard template nature and controlling the quantity of polymer to be impregnated, controlled micropore/macropore distributions with mesoscopic cell windows are generated. Specific surface areas from 29 to 239 m² g^?1 and porosities from 51 to 77 % are achieved. These foams combine a low density with a thermal insulation and a relatively good thermostructural stability. Their particular structure allowed the in situ growth of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) directly within the open‐cell structure. MOFs offered a microporosity feature to the resulting Si/B/C/N@MOF composite foams that allowed increasing the specific surface area to provide CO₂ uptake of 2.2 %.     

Evidence of mechanisms occurring in thermally induced phase separation of polymeric systems

Thermally induced phase separation is a fabrication technique for porous polymeric structures. By means of easy‐to‐tune processing parameters, such as system composition and demixing temperature, a vast latitude of average pore dimensions, pore size distributions, and morphologies can be obtained. The relation between demixing temperature and morphology was demonstrated via cloud point curve measurement and foams fabrication with controlled thermal protocols, for the model system poly‐l ‐lactide–dioxane–water. The morphologies obtained at a temperature lower than cloud point showed a closed‐pore architecture, suggesting a “nucleation‐and‐growth” separation mechanism, which produced larger pores at higher holding times. Conversely, the porous structures attained when holding the sample above the cloud point exhibited open pores with dimensions independent of time, denoting a phase separation occurring during sample freezing. Finally, the influence of the cooling rate on final morphology was investigated, showing a clear correlation with microstructure and pore size. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52, 979–983     

A Deformation Model for Monotropic Plastic Foams under Compression/Tension Perpendicularly to the Foam Rise Direction

The deformation properties of monotropic plastic foams under uniaxial compression or tension perpendicularly to the foam rise direction are considered. Theoretical results are obtained for the case where the volume- deformation hypothesis is assumed. In order to perform numerical calculations, the foams are devided into three groups with different degrees of monotropy. For these groups, different methods of calculating the numerical value of the relative volume strain are used. The Young's modulus in the plane of isotropy is determined using both the mixed Reuss-Voigt and Voigt averaging. The Poisson ratios are expressed using the Reuss averaging. If only the axial deformation of the load-bearing elements (polymer struts) is allowed for, the results obtained do not agree with experimental data. Therefore, we also take into account the changes in their orientation. The values of Young's modulus and Poisson ratios are obtained for a wide range of degrees of extension of the model cell. A comparison of the theoretical results with the experimental data available shows a satisfactory agreement.     

Calculation of Dependent Elastic Constants of Plastic Foams with a Pronounced Strut-Like Structure

Seven dependent elastic constants of monotropic plastic foams with an expressed strut-like structure are calculated. For this purpose, the basic results of the previously elaborated mathematical model for light-weight plastic foams is used. The model includes a model cell of local structure for monotropic/isotropic plastic foams and an ensemble of structural elements, which allows one to calculate the seven dependent elastic constants, taking into account the pronounced polydispersity of the structure of plastic foams. The numerical values of the constants are compared with the available experimental data, and a satisfactory agreement is found to exist. As a final result, a full set of general expressions and numerical values are obtained for all 12 elastic constants of monotropic plastic foams.