制备均一性靶丸过程中的影响因素

在激光聚变实验中,高球形度、高厚度均一性的靶丸经常通过乳液微封装方法来制备。利用T.Norimatsu的模型研究在靶丸制备过程中,界面间表面张力、油相粘度、壳层尺寸、壳层厚度的影响。结果显示:较大的表面张力,较小的壳层尺寸,会使胶囊具有更好的均一性。当外部变形形式不同的时候,油相的粘度对于壳层均一性会有不同作用。     

Urea co-inclusion compounds of glipizide for the improvement of dissolution profile

In the present study, urea, a well-known adductor for linear compounds was successfully utilized for inclusion of glipizide—a highly substituted cyclic organic compound through a modified technique. Formation of glipizide co-inclusion compounds in urea was confirmed by FTIR, DSC and XRD. The minimum proportion of rapidly adductible endocyte (RAE) required for adduction of glipizide in urea was estimated by a modified Zimmerschied calorimetric method. Urea–GLP–RAE inclusion compounds containing varying proportions of guests were prepared and their thermal behaviour studied by DSC. The co-inclusion compounds were found to exhibit good content uniformity. Through the formation of co-inclusion compounds of urea, it was possible to achieve steep improvement in the dissolution efficiency of glipizide, which is a BCS class II drug.     

任意凸多面体上布点均匀性的度量

均匀性度量是构作均匀设计的基础,本文从距离概念出发,通过对称的方法,得到一种新的距离函数-势函数,并将势函数作为衡量任意凸多面体上布点均匀性好坏的准则.数值例子和多变量Kendall 协和系数检验表明,当试验区域限制在单位立方体上时,势函数与目前常用的两种偏差-中心化L_2-偏差和可卷L_2.偏差在度量布点均匀性方面结论一致.     

Estimation of DUR and source utilization efficiency for changing product dimensions and source activities in gamma irradiator

This paper discusses the application of the developed analytical method (Reji George, Jain, Pradhan, A.S., 2008. Theoretical evaluation of dose distribution in product in radiation processing plants. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 77, 186–191), for determining the activity loading pattern in a radiation processing plant to get the desired dose uniformity ratio (DUR) for processing mangoes and how the method was used to evaluate the expected source utilization efficiency for the redesigned source–product configuration.     

Performance Evaluation and Effectiveness of the Reverberation Room

This research presents a thorough evaluation of the reverberation room at Acoustics Laboratory in National Institute of Standards (NIS) according to the related international standards. The evaluation aims at examining the room performance and exploring its effectiveness in the frequency range from 125 Hz to 10000 Hz according to the international standard requirements. The room, which was designed and built several years ago, is an irregular rectangular shape free from diffusers. Its volume is about 158.84 m³, which meets the requirement of the ISO 354 standard L_max < 1.9V^1/3. Cut-off frequencies of one and one-third octave are 63 Hz and 100 Hz respectively; however Schroder frequency is 400 Hz. Calculations of cut-off frequency and modal density showed adequate modes that give acceptable uniformity starting comfortably from frequency of 125 Hz. The room has a reverberation time that is suitable for its size over the frequency range of interest. The room sound absorption surface area and its sound absorption coefficient satisfy the criteria given in ISO 3741 and ISO 354. There is an accepted diffuse sound field inside the room due to the standard deviation of measured sound level, which is less than 1.5 dB over all the frequency range. The only exception was 125 Hz which may be due to a lack of diffusivity of the sound field at this frequency. The evaluation proves that the NIS reverberation room is in full agreement with the international standards, which in turns qualifies the room to host measurements inside without concerns.     

Uniformity analysis of temperature distribution in an industrial MOCVD reactor

Three‐dimensional models, coupling fluid flow and heat transfer, have been adopted to analyze influences of the process parameters on the temperature uniformity in an industrial MOCVD reactor. Important factors, such as the inlet gas flow, the susceptor rotation, the heater power, the distance between the heat shield and the susceptor (d₁), as well as the distance between the heater and the susceptor (d₂), have been investigated carefully. The system heating condition is characterized by temperature uniformity denoted as the standard deviation of temperature, and by thermal efficiency expressed as a combination parameter of the dissipated energy. The results reveal that decrease of the gas flow and the rotation rate, as well as increase of the distance d₁, could monotonically enhance the temperature uniformity. The results also show that decrease of the above three parameters could improve the thermal efficiency. Furthermore, increase of the distance d₂ enhances the temperature uniformity, and reduces the thermal efficiency slightly. The influences of the parameters on the uniformity vary at the different locations of the susceptor as divided into Zone A, Zone B and Zone C. The conclusions help the growth engineer optimize the system design and process conditions of the reactor.     

Uniformity investigation of MOCVD‐grown LED layers

Doped or undoped gallium nitride compounds (GaN/InGaN), usually grown by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) method, are at the heart of blue and green light emitting diodes (LEDs). Growth uniformities, such as the excited wavelength, luminous intensity and film thickness, critically influence their application in LED devices. In this paper, growth of GaN compounds in a MOCVD reactor, capable of a one‐time production of 36 × 2” wafers of nitrides, has been investigated. To examine growth uniformity across the wafer and from wafer to wafer, the reactor is divided into Zone A, Zone B and Zone C according to distance to the center of the graphite susceptor. Comparative analysis of each zone offers a straightforward view of the mean excitation wavelength, luminous intensity, film thickness and their standard deviations. Conformity of the growth uniformity in each zone is further checked comprehensively through averaging across‐wafer and wafer‐to‐wafer variables and their standard deviations. Zone B is found to retain excellent wavelength uniformity, since it is located at the middle of the susceptor with weaker effects of the susceptor edge and of the inlet gas flow. Zone A, at the center of the reactor, has the best mean intensity and thickness uniformities due to a well control of the infrared temperature measurement during the growth. And Zone C is worst in all uniformities and should be the main focus when optimizing the reactor. The above experimental analysis reveals the principles common to the MOCVD technique, and provides a basic for further optimization of the process window to improve the cycles with considerable reduction of the costs.     

聚合物发光二极管面光源的光热特性

运用传输矩阵法及MATLAB软件模拟计算了以MEH-PPV为发光材料的PLED面光源出光率,分析了发光层、PEDOT层、ITO层对器件出光率的影响.模拟分析了玻璃表面半球形、圆台形、圆锥形3种微形貌对器件出光率的影响.仿真结果表明,玻璃表面为圆锥形微散射层对提高器件出光率最有利,且出光均匀性最好.最后分析了PLED面光...     

Towards the optimization of a pulsatile three-stream coaxial airblast injector

A large-scale parametric air–water test stand (AWTS) study involving more than 40 evaluations was carried out for the purposes of three-stream airblast reactor feed injector characterization and optimization; a subset of seven air stream combinations is discussed here. The role of CFD as a supplement to, or a replacement for, air–water testing is of great industrial interest. To this end a set of CFD simulations was carried out to complement the AWTS study. Pressure responses, spray opening characteristics near the feed injector face, and spray distribution were primary measures for both the AWTS and CFD programs. It was found that, over the range of variables studied, there was somewhat of a match between CFD and AWTS results. A self-exciting, pulsatile spray pattern was achieved in CFD and AWTS (frequencies between 75 and 600 Hz), and an interesting transition in spray bursting character occurred at moderate inner air flows. The oscillatory flow pattern mimics prior work in terms of the energy of the fluctuations, but the fact that the present fluctuations occur at an order of magnitude lower frequency is apparently related to the comparatively low gas/liquid momentum ratio in the current study. Overall, it is shown that the CFD method contained herein can be used to supplement, but not replace, air–water testing for said injector configuration.     

Output irradiance uniformity in a single pass KrF amplifier

Using a model for the temporal and spatial variation of the saturation flux that considers the effects of temperature, fluorine burn-up and local E-fields on the quenching rates, it is found that long pulse operation of a KrF amplifier (τ_p > 500 ns) can result in spatial and temporal output irradiance uniformities greater than 80% across the aperture. Local E-fields are shown to be responsible for relatively large spatial saturation flux non-uniformities for short pulse KrF amplifier operation.