全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1989篇 |
免费 | 296篇 |
国内免费 | 187篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 673篇 |
晶体学 | 15篇 |
力学 | 449篇 |
综合类 | 20篇 |
数学 | 449篇 |
物理学 | 866篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 7篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 55篇 |
2021年 | 75篇 |
2020年 | 66篇 |
2019年 | 68篇 |
2018年 | 46篇 |
2017年 | 79篇 |
2016年 | 94篇 |
2015年 | 74篇 |
2014年 | 113篇 |
2013年 | 173篇 |
2012年 | 157篇 |
2011年 | 112篇 |
2010年 | 113篇 |
2009年 | 113篇 |
2008年 | 111篇 |
2007年 | 108篇 |
2006年 | 87篇 |
2005年 | 91篇 |
2004年 | 91篇 |
2003年 | 72篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 60篇 |
2000年 | 52篇 |
1999年 | 50篇 |
1998年 | 38篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 39篇 |
1995年 | 39篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 25篇 |
1992年 | 17篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 15篇 |
1989年 | 10篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2472条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
We show that for any optimal solution
for a given separable quadratic integer programming problem there exist an optimal solution
for its continuous relaxation such that
wheren is the number of variables and(A) is the largest absolute subdeterminant of the integer constraint matrixA. Also for any feasible solutionz, which is not optimal for the separable quadratic integer programming problem, there exists a feasible solution
having greater objective function value and with
. We further prove, under some additional assumptions, that the distance between a pair of optimal solutions to an integer quadratic programming problem with right hand side vectorsb andb, respectively, depends linearly on b–b1. Finally the validity of all the results for nonseparable mixed-integer quadratic programs is established. The proximity results obtained in this paper are extensions of some of the results described in Cook et al. (1986) for linear integer programming.This research was partially supported by Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Grant 5-83998. 相似文献
12.
On the reliability of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity calculated from the moisture retention curve 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
In comparison with direct measurements of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the methods of calculations from the moisture retention curve are attractive for their fast and simple use and low cost. These are the main reasons for their increasing use, mainly in spatial variability studies. On the other hand, it is known that their applicability is limited. The possibility of the use of the retention curve to indirectly determine hydraulic conductivities is analyzed as follows. The theoretical derivation of the relationK(h) – (h) is briefly discussed with regards to potential sources of inaccuracy. The sensitivity of the algorithm forK(h) calculation is studied as a response to possible inaccuracies in the retention curve determination. Conclusions about the usability of calculated hydraulic conductivities are drawn. 相似文献
13.
Roland Gemperlein 《Mikrochimica acta》1988,94(1-6):353-356
A continuously scanning Michelson interferometer was developed to modulate an intensive light source spectrally. The interferogram is used as a stimulus to investigate spectral sensitivities in insects and man. The FIS-method is fast and precise and shows many advantages which are partly based on the advantages of Fourier spectroscopy. The existing applications are summarized. 相似文献
14.
E. Robens 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》1996,47(2):619-622
A survey is given on important standardized definitions by which the capability of balances may be characterized. Some modifications are proposed with regard to the use of mass sensors for the continuous determination of mass variations. An important supplement is the relative resolution introduced by Jenemann. Optimum values are presented.I am indepted to H. R. Jenemann for his critical remarks. 相似文献
15.
L. Montrucchio 《Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications》1994,80(3):385-406
We study the relationship between the dynamical complexity of optimal paths and the discount factor in general infinite-horizon discrete-time concave problems. Given a dynamic systemx
t+1=h(x
t
), defined on the state space, we find two discount factors 0 < * ** < 1 having the following properties. For any fixed discount factor 0 < < *, the dynamic system is the solution to some concave problem. For any discount factor ** < < 1, the dynamic system is not the solution to any strongly concave problem. We prove that the upper bound ** is a decreasing function of the topological entropy of the dynamic system. Different upper bounds are also discussed.This research was partially supported by MURST, National Group on Nonlinear dynamics in Economics and Social Sciences. The author would like to thank two anonymous referees for helpful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
16.
特征线法在求解非线性液相吸附色谱模型中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用特征线法求解非线性液相吸附色谱分离过程模型,论述了特征线法的原理和步骤,讨论了时间步长和空间步长对模型数值解的影响,并用色谱分离甘露醇和山梨醇以及分离蔗糖和还原糖的实验进行验证,用特征线法计算的理论流出曲线与实验流出线吻合较好。本文还分折了模型中各个参数的灵敏度,结果表明:吸附等温方程Q=Ci*/(ai+biCi*)中参数ai比参数bi以及总传质系数ki有更高的灵敏度。 相似文献
17.
M. R. Gregg 《Chromatographia》1985,20(2):129-133
Summary Electrode surface modification by electrochemical pretreatment of glassy carbon electrodes was shown to enhance significantly the sensitivity of the electrodes for the detection of timolol and oxprenolol, but reduce slightly the sensitivity to prenalterol. This method may permit the detection of exprenolol and timolol with increased sensitivity, or may allow their detection at lower applied potentials than is presently possible. Electrode surface modification may prove to be a valuable aid to the detection of compounds that are considered to be outside the practical limits of electrochemical detection. 相似文献
18.
Ayako Torikai Teruyuki Hattori Takuji Eguchi 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1995,33(11):1867-1871
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) containing benzophenone (BP) was photo-irradiated with monochromatic radiation of wavelength 260–360 nm using the Okazaki Large Spec-trograph (OLS). On irradiation of PMMA films containing BP in air, the sensitized main-chain scission and photocrosslinking of PMMA took place simultaneously. These reactions are dependent on irradiation wavelength. The threshold wavelength for both reactions is found to be ca. 380 nm. The number of main-chain scission and amount of gel increased with the increase of BP concentration in PMMA. Photosensitized main-chain scission favors the irradiation of radiation at ca. 280 nm and photocrosslinking takes place efficiently with the exposure of 340 nm radiation. A possible mechanism for photosensitized reaction is proposed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
19.
An optimized HPLC method for the quantification of metoclopramide (MCP) in human plasma and urine is described. MCP and internal standard are extracted from alkalinized substrate into diethyl ether and back-extracted into dilute acid. The analytes are separated with a ternary mobile phase at cyanopropyl-silica and detected at 312 nm (UV detection). The lower limit of quantification is 0.5 ng/ml in plasma and 50 ng/ml in urine. Optimization of extraction, chromatography, and detection is discussed. The method is selective to numerous common drug substances with excellent accuracy and precision data. After validation, the method is applied to the samples of a pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicate the need for a sophisticated method as tool for optimization of metoclopramide formulations. 相似文献
20.
人参挥发油的提取和分析 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
应用GC-MS-DS联机分析人参挥发油是当前较好的方法,但人参挥发油的提取方法和GC-MS条件的选择明显影响人参挥发油这一复杂天然混合物的分离和鉴定。本工作严格控制提取条件,提高了挥发油收率,达0.95%;选择最佳GC-MS条件,鉴定出76种化合物,该法稳定重现性好。 相似文献