A Critical Review of Vlasov's General Theory of Stability of In-Plane Bending of Thin-Walled Elastic Beams

In Vlasov's approach to the problem of stability of thin-walled elastic beams of open cross section simultaneously subjected to transverse bending and to centric compression or tension, a certain inconsistency in derivation of differential equations of stability has been noticed. A consistently carried through derivation leads to equations that differ from Vlasov's ones. The comparison of Vlasov's equations with the results achieved by the classics in the field and by the more recent authors reveals good correspondence. The equations obtained by a consistent derivation, instead, turn out to be correspondent with the equations obtained by the classics Timoshenko and Bleich and with Ojalvo's equations of a second-order theory which determines the orientation of normal planes with the line of shear centers and assumes the validity of the Wagner hypothesis. Sommario. Nellapproccio di Vlasov al problema di stabilita delle travi elastiche a parete sottile e sezione trasversale aperta, contemporaneamente soggete a flessione trasversale ed a pressione o trazione centrale, e stata notata una certa incoerenza nell derivazione delle equazioni differenziali di stabilita. Un procedimento coerente ci porta delle equazioni che si differenziano da quelle di Vlasov. It confronto tra le equazioni di Vlasovedi risultati ottenuti da autori classici e da quelli piu a recenti mostra che esiste un buon accordo, mentre e evidente che le equazioni, ottenute con il procediments coerente, collimano con le equazioni ottenute dai classici Timoshenko e Bleich e con le equazioni di Ojalvo della teoria del secondo ordine, che definisce lorientazione dei piani normali con la linea dei centri di taglio e che presuppone la validita della ipotesi di Wagner.     

Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of MEMS Switches by Nonlinear Modal Analysis

A nonlinear modal analysis approach based on the invariant manifoldmethod proposed earlier by Boivin et al. [10] is applied in this paperto perform the dynamic analysis of a micro switch. The micro switch ismodeled as a clamped-clamped microbeam subjected to a transverseelectrostatic force. Two kinds of nonlinearities are encountered in thenonlinear system: geometric nonlinearity of the microbeam associatedwith large deflection, and nonlinear coupling between two energydomains. Using Galerkin method, the nonlinear partial differentialgoverning equation is decoupled into a set of nonlinear ordinarydifferential equations. Based on the invariant manifold method, theassociated nonlinear modal shapes, and modal motion governing equationsare obtained. The equation of motion restricted to these manifolds,which provide the dynamics of the associated normal modes, are solved bythe approach of nonlinear normal forms. Nonlinearities and the pull-inphenomena are examined. The numerical results are compared with thoseobtained from the finite difference method. The estimate for the pull-involtage of the micro device is also presented.     

钢筋混凝土T型梁在不同荷载(裂纹)下的试验模态分析及非线性外推

混凝土结构在大荷载作用下出现裂纹,其模态参数呈非线性规律.本文采用分段线性假设进行简化,即认为结构在不同级的荷载下对应有局部的线性特性.对钢筋混凝土T型简支梁在若干不同等级纯力加载并产生相应裂纹的情况下,分别进行试验模态分析,然后用非线性最小二乘拟合的方法,对所得各线性结果进行综合,以推求各种载荷作用(裂纹)下模态参数非线性变化规律.有关研究表明,将这种方法提供的结果用于桥梁承载力的动态法测定是合理可行的.     

Photolysis of NO2 at multiple wavelengths in the spectral region 200–205 nm

A study of the photodissociation dynamics of NO₂ in the 200–205 nm region using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) in conjunction with the velocity map imaging technique is presented. We chose this region because it allowed the use of a single laser to photodissociate the NO₂ molecule and probe both the O(¹D₂) fragment using (2+1) REMPI via the 3p'¹P₁ state at 2 ×205.47 nm and the 3p'¹F₃ state at 2 ×203.5 nm, and the O(³P_J) fragments using (2+1) REMPI via the P_J states around 2 ×∼200 nm. Translational energy and angular distributions are extracted from the O(¹D) and O(³P) product images. A growth in the population of highly excited vibrational levels of the NO X(²Π) co-fragment is found as the dissociation wavelength decreases. These are compared with similar trends observed previously for other triatomic O-atom containing molecules. Detailed information on the electronic angular momentum alignment of the ¹D₂ state is obtained from analysis of the polarization sensitivity of the O(¹D) images using the two resonant intermediate states. The angular dependence of the potential energy in the exit channels is examined using long-range quadrupole-dipole and quadrupole-quadrupole interaction terms, from which molecular-frame multipole moments of the total angular momentum of the recoiling O atoms have been calculated. Comparison with the experimentally derived multipole moments is used to help provide insight into the dissociation mechanism.     

A high-efficient method for generating radially and azimuthally polarized Bessel beams using biaxial crystals

As was shown previously, in propagation of a circularly polarized Bessel light beam along the optical axes of a biaxial crystal, there takes place the conversion of the order of Bessel function. In this paper, a new result is presented which is obtained by varying the polarization state of an input beam. Namely, a linearly polarized beam can be transformed into a beam with the radial or azimuthal polarization state. At that the order-transformation also occurs. The switching between radial and azimuthal polarization states of the output beam is performed by the proper switching between two orthogonal linear polarization states of the input beam. The efficiency of polarization conversion is high and can be practically full at an appropriate choice of the cone angle of the input beam or crystal length.     

强流磁约束金属离子注入源

设计和制造了适合工业应用的强流金属离子源。离子源的电弧阴、阳电极之间和放电室壁采用永磁体阵列形成导流、屏蔽磁场,改进了电弧的放电特性和提高等离子体密度。离子注入源在加速电压为30kV、50 Hz 条件时,平均束流流强约为30mA,调试结果表明附加磁场提高了离子源性能。     

A new definition of the degree of paraxiality for vector light beams

A parameter, called the degree of paraxiality, is introduced upon examining the property of energies originating from the longitudinal as well as the transverse components of both the electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that this degree of paraxiality is determined by the magnitude of the plane-wave spectrum, without depending on the vectorial feature of the plane-wave spectrum. Its value ranges from 0 to 1. A larger value stands for a more paraxial beam. As an application, two examples are considered.     

Nachweis von DNS-Strahlenschäden mit Hilfe von 3H- bzw. 14C-Markierung und LS-Messung

Es gilt heute als sicher, daß die DNS die empfindliche Substanz ist, die nach Einwirkung energiereicher Strahlung auf einen Organismus oder eine Zelle für Schäden wie Chromosomenaberrationen, Transformation oder gar für die Inaktivierung der Zellen, also für ihren reproduktiven Tod, verantwortlich ist. Bei der Suche nach der Manifestierung der Schäden auf molekularer Ebene wurde gefunden, daß nach Strahleneinwirkung folgende Schäden an der DNS auftreten: Brüche der DNS-Stränge, Vernetzungs- und Basenschäden. Diese Schäden werden z. T. auch durch eine Reihe chemischer Agentien, z. B. durch alkylierende Substanzen, hervorgerufen.

Am besten untersucht sind bisher die Strangbrüche. Insbesondere seit der Einführung einer Untersuchungsmethode, bei der die DXS mechanisch nicht geschädigt wird [1], sind die Experimente auf diesem Gebiet stark angewachsen.