纯锆上离子注入钇和镧后的表面分析

用金属蒸汽真空弧源，以40kV加速电压对纯锆样品分别进行了10¹⁶—10¹⁷/cm²的钇、镧离子注入，注入温度约为130℃.然后对注入样品进行表面分析.x射线光电子能谱分析表明，注入的钇以Y₂O₃形式存在，镧以La₂O₃形式存在.俄歇电子能谱表明，纯锆基体表面的氧化膜厚度随着离子注入剂量的增加而增加，当离子注入剂量达到10¹⁷/cm²时，氧化膜的厚度达到了最大值.卢瑟福背散射显示镧层的厚度约为30nm，同时直接观察到当离子注入剂量为(La+Y)10¹⁷/cm²时，纯锆样品表面发生了严重的溅射. 关键词： 纯锆 钇和镧离子共注入 卢瑟福背散射 x射线光电子能谱     

Thermal characterisation of micro-hotplates used in sensor structures

Micro-hotplates operated at elevated temperature form the basic element in several sensor devices, such as integrated calorimetric or Taguchi-type gas sensors and flow-rate sensors. In all of these applications thermal properties of the sensing elements play a determining role in functional operation, therefore, their accurate characterisation is essential. The micro-hotplates investigated were developed by one side porous silicon micro-machining technology, forming Pt micro-filaments embedded in non-stoichiometric silicon nitride, and suspended across a cavity. This work is dealing with the accurate temperature detection in the micro-scale by different measurement methods for the deduction of steady state and transient thermal properties from the results. Transient properties of the structure were investigated by application of a simplified thermal equivalent circuit model.     

Conservation Laws of K(m, n) and mK(m, n) Equations

Based on the rank analysis method, algorithmization idea, and symbolic computation, in this paper we have presented a method to construct the conservation laws for nonlinear evolution equations. The polynomial conservation laws for K (n 2, n) equations and mnK(m, n) equations are found by using of this approach and some new results have been obtained.     

Numerical analysis of roughness effect on microtube heat transfer

Roughness effect on the heat transfer and pressure loss performances of microscale tubes and channels are investigated through a finite element CFD code. Surface roughness is explicitly modelled through a set of random generated peaks along the ideal smooth surface. Different peak shapes and distributions are considered; geometrical parameters are representative of tubes in the diameter range from 50 to 150 μm. The use of a fine enough mesh allows the direct computation of tube performances under the assumption of incompressible fully developed flow. As a result, a significant increase in Poiseuille number is detected for all of the configurations considered, while the effect of roughness on heat transfer rate is smaller and highly dependent on the tube shape.     

Three-dimensional structure of the calcite-water interface by surface X-ray scattering

The three-dimensional structure of the calcite (104)-water interface has been determined with surface X-ray scattering. Nine crystal truncation rods (including specular and non-specular rods) were measured providing both vertical and lateral sensitivity to the interfacial structure. The results reveal that calcite is nearly ideally terminated with a single surface hydration layer that includes two inequivalent water molecules having distinct heights of 2.3 ± 0.1 and 3.5 ± 0.2 Å, each with a well-defined lateral registry with respect to the calcite surface. No additional layering of water is observed beyond this surface hydration layer. Small displacements in the outer two calcium carbonate layers were also observed. These results are compared with previous experimental and computational results.     

Molecular scale structure formation by folding

A conception of a structure formation suitable for nano-technology is proposed, which is programmable and suitable for mass production-like lithography. This conception utilizes the controlled folding of chains like the scan-lines of television. Its possibility and property were studied theoretically using the modeled chains consist of beads. By adopting the interaction among the beads which can distinguish the kind of the partner by its polarity and is chiral to break the chiral symmetry of the folded state, the special chains which have the unique ground states could be designed. In these ground states, the chains are folded like the scan-lines of television. The thermodynamic properties of the suggested chains were studied by the Monte Carlo simulations and the suggested chains showed the phase-transition-like behavior which is distinct compared to both the random chains and the chain that has only the non-specific attraction. The size dependence and the effects of adding the non-specific attraction and modifying the border of the folded conformation were also studied.     

Potential-dependent structure of the interfacial water on the gold electrode

Doubly tunable sum frequency generation (SFG) spectra demonstrate that the water molecules at gold/electrolyte interface change their orientation with applied potential. At negative potentials, water molecules in the double layer align with their oxygen atom pointing to the solution. As potential became positive to be close to the potential of zero charge (PZC), the SFG signal decreased, suggesting the OH groups of the water molecule are either in random orientation or parallel to the electrode. As potential became more positive than the PZC, the SFG signal increased again with the oxygen-up orientation as same as in the negative potential region, indicating that water molecules interact with the adsorbed sulfate anions. The peak position of the SFG spectra indicates a relatively disordered state of water molecules at the gold electrode surface, in contrast to the previously observed ice-like structure of water at electrolyte/oxide interfaces.     

Surface Nitridation of Molybdenum by Laser-promoted Reaction

l.IntroductionowingtotheirpromisingproPertiesandPOtentialapplications,transitionmetalni-trideshavedrawngreatattentionandthepreparationandinvestigationofthesecom-poundshavebeenasubjectbothofscientificandoftechnologicalinterest.Transitionmetalnitridescombineadvantagesofexce1lenthardness,highmeltingPOint,goodchemi-calstabilityandhigheIectricalconductivity[11,henceoverlaySofthesecompoundshavefoundwideappIicationsinvariousfie1ds.Molybdenumnitrides,inparticular,havealsoemergedasverypromisingcandi…     

Contingent epiderivatives and set-valued optimization

In this paper we introduce the concept of the contingent epiderivative for a set-valued map which modifies a notion introduced by Aubin [2] as upper contingent derivative. It is shown that this kind of a derivative has important properties and is one possible generalization of directional derivatives in the single-valued convex case. For optimization problems with a set-valued objective function optimality conditions based on the concept of the contingent epiderivative are proved which are necessary and sufficient under suitable assumptions.     

左截断右删失下核密度估计的L1距离的界

本文在左截断右删失数据下获得了概论密度的核估计的L1距离的一个上界．